Oskar Morgenstern is a “tall, imposing expatriate from Vienna” and an economics professor at Princeton who collaborates with John von Neumann on the “Bible” of game theory, The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. In it, Morgenstern and von Neumann argued that the “prevailing paradigm” in economics up to that point—an emphasis on individual incentives and behavior—was inadequate, turning instead to the theme of cooperation and competition among rational actors.