A Bend in the River Terms

Cités describe the urban African neighborhoods that make up the various towns in the unnamed country in which the novel is set. read analysis of Cités

Citoyen or citoyenne are francophone words meaning “citizen,” but also can be translated to “freeman” or “freewoman.” read analysis of Citoyen/Citoyenne

Lycée is the francophone word for secondary or high school. The lycée in the novel is an old European secondary school that is revived in the town following the country’s independence with a new curriculum… read analysis of Lycée

Malin is a French word meaning “clever” or “sly.” Mahesh uses it in a semi-derogatory way to describe and warn Salim of the cunning and unpredictability of Africans. read analysis of Malin

Metís is a French word that means “mixed,” but is often utilized in a derogatory manner to indicate people of mixed race or heritage. Metty takes on the name “Metty” (previously Ali) after the people… read analysis of Metís

The seances d’animation are a traditional African ritual, involving dance and music, to herald the arrival of royalty. The President revives the ritual into common use as a means of appealing to the bush and… read analysis of Seances d’animation