LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Billy Budd, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Natural Character and Appearance
Duty, Loyalty, and Camaraderie
Justice
Individual vs. Society
The Present vs. the Past
Storytelling, Rumor, and Truth
Summary
Analysis
The narrator says that on the Indomitable there was no hint of mutiny, as the sailors were loyal to Captain Vere, a bachelor about 40 years old, who was brave and always mindful of his men's welfare. He had an unassuming demeanor—in fact, the narrator says, if he were in civilian garb, one could mistake him for a guest onboard. He had a modest, aristocratic virtue and often daydreamed while looking out at the sea. He was given the nickname "Starry Vere," taken from a line in a poem by Andrew Marvell.
The Indomitable is a well-functioning vessel because all of its sailors are loyal to their brave captain. Captain Vere's appearance can be deceiving: aside from his clothing, he might seem like a civilian, despite the fact that he is an accomplished naval commander.