This is the Bokononist term for someone who steers an individual away from a particular line of enquiry by setting an example of the kind of life that should not be led.
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The timeline below shows where the term Wrang-wrang appears in Cat’s Cradle. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 36. Miaow
...of the apartment vandalized. John speculates that Sherman was part of his karass, serving as “wrang-wrang”—“a person who steers people away from a line of speculation by reducing that line.”
(full context)