John Wesley Powell was a Union captain in the American Civil War, and later, the first modern explorer to chart the dangerous Colorado River and surrounding Glen Canyon. greatly admires the fearlessness and aesthetic delicacy of Powell’s published account—two qualities Abbey hopes to emulate in his own memoir. He invokes Powell frequently as he and his friend retrace the explorer’s steps along the Colorado some 90 years later. In this way, Powell serves as Abbey’s literary and exploratory model: for instance, he’s sensitive and spiritual enough to name a rock feature Music Temple, a move that Abbey notes with delight. In another way, however, Powell serves as a moral conscience against the recent damming of the Colorado, a development that forever obscured Glen Canyon’s beauties and moved Abbey to publish his protests in Desert Solitaire. Abbey invokes Powell’s memory as he rails against the dam’s new artificial “Lake Powell,” a name intended to honor—but, in Abbey’s opinion, a destructive disgrace to—the brave explorer.