Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

by

Philip K. Dick

Reality vs. Artificiality Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Humanity and Empathy Theme Icon
Reality vs. Artificiality Theme Icon
Alienation Theme Icon
Religion and Faith Theme Icon
Consumerism Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Reality vs. Artificiality Theme Icon

This novel interrogates the value of “real” experiences and entities in a world dominated by simulations, revealing how reliance on artificial constructs impacts identity and morality. The prevalence of artificial animals exemplifies this idea. In a world where most real animals are extinct due to radioactive fallout, owning a live animal becomes a status symbol (because they’re expensive to acquire and care for) and creates a moral duty to care for them well. Rick Deckard’s electric sheep speaks to how artificial the novel’s world has become, and how this impacts people’s fulfillment. Rick appreciates that the sheep looks so real and allows him to look the part of an animal owner, but it doesn’t bring him any genuine fulfillment or happiness because it, in fact, isn’t real.

Nexus-6 androids like Rachael Rosen and Pris Stratton are nearly indistinguishable from humans in appearance and behavior, yet their inability to feel genuine empathy marks them as fundamentally artificial. However, their nuanced emotions, desires, and interactions with humans, such as Rachael’s seduction of Rick and Luba Luft’s passion for fine art and opera, blur this distinction. These moments force Rick to question whether the line between real and artificial is meaningful, especially as humans increasingly rely on artificial constructs like mood organs and empathy boxes to feel connected or fulfilled. Toward the end of the novel, Buster Friendly’s exposé of Mercerism as a fabricated illusion further complicates this distinction. Even as Mercerism is revealed as an artificial construct, it remains a source of emotional and communal meaning for humanity. Similarly, when Rick finds what he believes is a real toad, he’s thrilled—and even when his wife Iran discovers the toad is artificial, Rick reflects that the toad still has value and should be cared for properly. This paradox highlights Dick’s central argument: that whether something is real or not is perhaps less important than how people choose to interact with it.

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Reality vs. Artificiality ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Reality vs. Artificiality appears in each chapter of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Reality vs. Artificiality Quotes in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Below you will find the important quotes in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? related to the theme of Reality vs. Artificiality.
Chapter 1 Quotes

“I can’t dial a setting that stimulates my cerebral cortex into wanting to dial! If I don’t want to dial, I don’t want to dial that most of all, because then I will want to dial, and wanting to dial is right now the most alien drive I can imagine; I just want to sit here on the bed and stare at the floor.” Her voice had become sharp with overtones of bleakness as her soul congealed and she ceased to move, as the instinctive, omnipresent film of great weight, of an almost absolute inertia, settled over her.

Related Characters: Iran Deckard (speaker), Rick Deckard
Page Number: 6
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

“Harry still wants the Nexus-6 brain unit withdrawn from the market?” He felt no surprise. Since the initial release of its specifications and performance charts back in August of 1991 most police agencies which dealt with escaped andys had been protesting. “The Soviet police can’t do any more than we can,” he said. Legally, the manufacturers of the Nexus-6 brain unit operated under colonial law, their parent auto-factory being on Mars. “We had better just accept the new unit as a fact of life,” he said. “It’s always been this way, with every improved brain unit that’s come along. I remember the howls of pain when the Sudermann people showed their old T-14 back in ‘89. Every police agency in the Western Hemisphere clamored that no test would detect its presence, in an instance of illegal entry here. As a matter of fact, for a while they were right.”

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Harry Bryant, Ann Marsten
Page Number: 27-28
Explanation and Analysis:

He had wondered as had most people at one time or another precisely why an android bounced helplessly about when confronted by an empathy-measuring test. Empathy, evidently, existed only within the human community, whereas intelligence to some degree could be found throughout every phylum and order including the arachnids. For one thing, the emphatic faculty probably required an unimpaired group instinct; a solitary organism, such as a spider, would have no use for it; in fact it would tend to abort a spider’s ability to survive. It would make him conscious of the desire to live on the part of his prey. Hence all predators, even highly developed mammals such as cats, would starve.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, John Isidore, Pris Stratton
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 29
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 4 Quotes

He thought, too, about his need for a real animal; within him an actual hatred once more manifested itself toward his electric sheep, which he had to tend, had to care about, as if it lived. The tyranny of an object, he thought. It doesn’t know I exist. Like the androids, it had no ability to appreciate the existence of another. He had never thought of this before, the similarity between an electric animal and an andy. The electric animal, he pondered, could be considered a subform of the other, a kind of vastly inferior robot. Or, conversely, the android could be regarded as a highly developed, evolved version of the ersatz animal. Both viewpoints repelled him.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 40-41
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 5 Quotes

He could not make out, even now, how the Rosen Association had managed to snare him, and so easily. Experts, he realized. A mammoth corporation like this—it embodies too much experience. It possesses in fact a sort of group mind. And Eldon and Rachael Rosen consisted of spokesmen for that corporate entity. His mistake, evidently, had been in viewing them as individuals. It was a mistake he would not make again.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, Rachael Rosen, Eldon Rosen
Page Number: 52
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

“No one can win against kipple,” he said, “except temporarily and maybe in one spot, like in my apartment I’ve sort of created a stasis between the pressure of kipple and nonkipple, for the time being. But eventually I’ll die or go away, and then the kipple will again take over. It’s a universal principle operating throughout the universe; the entire universe is moving toward a final state of total, absolute kippleization.” He added, “Except of course for the upward climb of Wilbur Mercer.”

Related Characters: John Isidore (speaker), Wilbur Mercer
Page Number: 62
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

“Because Wilbur Mercer is always renewed. He’s eternal. At the top of the hill he’s struck down; he sinks into the tomb world but then he rises inevitably. And us with him. So we’re eternal, too.”

Related Characters: John Isidore (speaker), Wilbur Mercer
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

Thinking this he wondered if Mozart had had any intuition that the future did not exist, that he had already used up his little time. Maybe I have, too, Rick thought as he watched the rehearsal move along. This rehearsal will end, the performance will end, the singers will die, eventually the last score of the music will be destroyed in one way or another; finally the name “Mozart” will vanish, the dust will have won. If not on this planet then another. We can evade it awhile. As the andys can evade me and exist a finite stretch longer. But I get them or some other bounty hunter gets them. In a way, he realized, I’m part of the form-destroying process of entropy. The Rosen Association creates and I unmake. Or anyhow so it must seem to them.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard
Page Number: 91
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 11 Quotes

Garland said, “It’s a chance anyway, breaking free and coming here to Earth, where we’re not even considered animals. Where every worm and wood louse is considered more desirable than all of us put together.”

Related Characters: Inspector Garland (speaker), Rick Deckard
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 113
Explanation and Analysis:

“It’s not just false memory structures,” Phil Resch said. “I own an animal; not a false one but the real thing. A squirrel. I love the squirrel, Deckard; every goddamn morning I feed it and change its papers—you know, clean up its cage—and then in the evening when I get off work I let it loose in my apt and it runs all over the place. It has a wheel in its cage; ever seen a squirrel running inside a wheel? It runs and runs, the wheel spins, but the squirrel stays in the same spot. Buffy seems to like it, though.”

Related Characters: Phil Resch (speaker), Rick Deckard
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 118-119
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

The painting showed a hairless, oppressed creature with a head like an inverted pear, its hands clapped in horror to its ears, its mouth open in a vast, soundless scream. Twisted ripples of the creature’s torment, echoes of its cry, flooded out into the air surrounding it; the man or woman, whichever it was, had become contained by its own howl. It had covered its ears against its own sound. The creature stood on a bridge and no one else was present; the creature screamed in isolation.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, Phil Resch, Luba Luft
Page Number: 121
Explanation and Analysis:

“Listen,” she said to Rick. Some of the color had returned to her face; once more she looked—at least briefly—alive. “Buy me a reproduction of that picture I was looking at when you found me. The one of the girl sitting on the bed.”

Related Characters: Luba Luft (speaker), Rick Deckard
Page Number: 123
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15 Quotes

The salesman, undaunted, continued, “A goat is loyal. And it has a free, natural soul which no cage can chain up. And there is one exceptional additional feature about goats, one which you may not be aware of. Often times when you invest in an animal and take it home you find, some morning, that it’s eaten something radioactive and died. A goat isn’t bothered by contaminated quasi-foodstuffs; it can eat eclectically, even items that would fell a cow or a horse or most especially a cat. As a long term investment we feel that the goat—especially the female—offers unbeatable advantages to the serious animal-owner.”

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, Luba Luft
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 155
Explanation and Analysis:

“Mercer,” Rick said.

“I am your friend,” the old man said. “But you must go on as if I did not exist. Can you understand that?” He spread empty hands.

“No,” Rick said. “I can’t understand that. I need help.”

“How can I save you,” the old man said, “if I can’t save myself?” He smiled. “Don’t you see? There is no salvation.”

“Then what’s this for?” Rick demanded. “What are you for?”

“To show you,” Wilbur Mercer said, “that you aren’t alone. I am here with you and always will be. Go and do your task, even though you know it’s wrong.”

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Wilbur Mercer (speaker)
Page Number: 164
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16 Quotes

Roy Baty […] has an aggressive, assertive air of ersatz authority. Given to mystical preoccupations, this android proposed the group escape attempt, underwriting it ideologically with a pretentious fiction as to the sacredness of so-called android “life.” In addition, this android stole, and experimented with, various mind-fusing drugs, claiming when caught that it hoped to promote in androids a group experience similar to that of Mercerism, which it pointed out remains unavailable to androids.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, John Isidore, Roy Baty
Page Number: 169
Explanation and Analysis:

Tonight sometime, he thought as he clicked off the bedside light, I will retire a Nexus-6 which looks exactly like this naked girl. My good god, he thought; I’ve wound up where Phil Resch said. Go to bed with her first, he remembered. Then kill her. “I can’t do it,” he said, and backed away from the bed.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Rachael Rosen, Phil Resch
Page Number: 178
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 17 Quotes

“But you really look down on me,” Rachael said. “For what I did.” Assurance had returned to her; the litany of her voice picked up pace. “You’ve gone the way of the others. The bounty hunters before you. Each time they get furious and talk wildly about killing me, but when the time comes they can’t do it. Just like you, just now.” She lit a cigarette, inhaled with relish. “You realize what this means, don’t you? It means I was right; you won’t be able to retire any more androids; it won’t be just me, it’ll be the Batys and Stratton, too. So go on home to your goat. And get some rest.” Suddenly she brushed at her coat, violently. “Yife! I got a burning ash from my cigarette—there, it’s gone.” She sank back against the seat, relaxing.

Related Characters: Rachael Rosen (speaker), Rick Deckard
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 185
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18 Quotes

Carrying the medicine bottle into the kitchen Pris seated herself at J. R. Isidore’s breakfast table. She removed the lid from the bottle and dumped the spider out. “It probably won’t be able to run as fast,” she said, “but there’s nothing for it to catch around here anyhow. It’ll die anyway.” She reached for the scissors.

“Please,” Isidore said.

Pris glanced up inquiringly. “Is it worth something?”

“Don’t mutilate it,” he said wheezingly. Imploringly.

With the scissors Pris snipped off one of the spider’s legs.

Related Characters: John Isidore (speaker), Pris Stratton
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 190
Explanation and Analysis:

“It has often been said by adherents of the experience of Mercerism that Wilbur Mercer is not a human being, that he is in fact an archetypal superior entity perhaps from another star. Well, in a sense this contention has proven correct. Wilbur Mercer is not human, does not in fact exist. The world in which he climbs is a cheap, Hollywood, commonplace sound stage which vanished into kipple years ago. And who, then, has spawned this hoax on the Sol System? Think about that for a time, folks.”

Related Characters: Buster Friendly (speaker), John Isidore, Wilbur Mercer
Page Number: 193
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

What a job to have to do, Rick thought. I’m a scourge, like famine or plague. Where I go the ancient curse follows. As Mercer said, I am required to do wrong. Everything I’ve done has been wrong from the start. Anyhow now it’s time to go home. Maybe, after I’ve been there awhile with Iran I’ll forget.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard, Iran Deckard, Wilbur Mercer
Page Number: 207
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 21 Quotes

“Mercer isn’t a fake,” he said. “Unless reality is a fake.” This hill, he thought. This dust and these many stones, each one different from all the others. “I’m afraid,” he said, “that I can’t stop being Mercer. Once you start it’s too late to back off.” Will I have to climb the hill again? he wondered. Forever, as Mercer does. . .trapped by eternity. “Good-bye,” he said, and started to ring off.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Wilbur Mercer, Ann Marsten
Page Number: 216
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 22 Quotes

“Oh.” His face fell by degrees. “Yeah, so I see; you’re right.” Crestfallen, he gazed mutely at the false animal; he took it back from her, fiddled with the legs as if baffled—he did not seem quite to understand. He then carefully replaced it in its box. “I wonder how it got out there in the desolate part of California like that. Somebody must have put it there. No way to tell what for.”

“Maybe I shouldn’t have told you—about it being electrical.” She put her hand out, touched his arm; she felt guilty, seeing the effect it had on him, the change.

“No,” Rick said. “I’m glad to know. Or rather—” He became silent. “I’d prefer to know.”

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Iran Deckard (speaker)
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 221
Explanation and Analysis:

“God, what a marathon assignment,” Rick said. “Once I began on it there wasn’t any way for me to stop; it kept carrying me along, until finally I got to the Batys, and then suddenly I didn’t have anything to do. And that—” He hesitated, evidently amazed at what he had begun to say. “That part was worse,” he said. “After I finished. I couldn’t stop because there would be nothing left after I stopped. You were right this morning when you said I’m nothing but a crude cop with crude cop hands.”

“I don’t feel that any more,” she said. “I’m just damn glad to have you come back home where you ought to be.” She kissed him and that seemed to please him; his face lit up, almost as much as before—before she had shown him that the toad was electric.

Related Characters: Rick Deckard (speaker), Iran Deckard (speaker)
Related Symbols: Animals
Page Number: 222
Explanation and Analysis: