Harlem Shuffle

by

Colson Whitehead

Harlem Shuffle: Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Carney, Elizabeth, and May have dinner at the Jones house on Strivers’ Row. Leland, Carney’s father-in-law, has purchased an air conditioner, which revives Elizabeth. Her family home fills her with nostalgic happiness, despite her parents’ snide remarks about Carney. Carney reflects that plenty of crooks are strivers, and vice versa. Leland is a wealthy accountant known for taking bribes. At the table, Carney considers his dilemma with Chink Montague. He has been distracted at work, trying to imagine a scenario in which he and Freddie pacify the mobster without being killed or maimed.
The new air conditioner emphasizes that Leland and Alma belong to a higher class than Carney, explaining their claim that Elizabeth downgraded herself by marrying him. Carney ruminates on the similarities between strivers and crooks, perhaps considering how he embodies both. Leland’s status grants him the power to commit crimes without being punished or even questioned. On the other hand, Carney is desperate to escape Montague’s grasp unharmed, despite not even wanting to commit a crime in the first place.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
Quotes
Alma mentions that Alexander Oakes has been accepted into the Dumas, a Black social club to which Leland belongs. Alexander and Elizabeth grew up together, and Carney knows the well-to-do lawyer is in love with Elizabeth. Alma suggests Carney apply—an intentional insult, as his skin is too dark for admittance. Additionally, Carney’s profession is not influential enough for the Dumas members, who help one another out of trouble. Leland’s father was a preacher for Seneca Village, the largest pre-war community of free Black property-owners, whose land was seized to create Central Park. Alma comes from similar lineage, proud of her race to a point: she finds Carney and May’s skin too dark, and probably worries about the new baby’s color.
Alma’s pointed remark about Oakes is directed at Elizabeth, implying that she should have married someone more prestigious than Carney. The Dumas Club exhibits blatant colorism by prohibiting dark-skinned members, demonstrating how systemic racism intersects with ideas of class and can cause marginalized people to betray and discriminate against one another. Similarly, Alma and Leland take pride in their Black heritage but seek to distinguish themselves from darker Black people like Carney, who they view as lower class.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Systemic Racism, Injustice, and Power Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
Quotes
Although Elizabeth has no memory of attending high school with Carney, he is grateful she sees him now. They reconnected after college at a party, waiting in line for the bathroom. Carney’s business degree made him more confident. Elizabeth had just started working at the travel agency, which provides safe routes for Black people to travel in and out of the country. When Carney met Alma and Leland, he told them his father worked “[o]dd jobs” after his mother died, and how he lived with Aunt Millie and Freddie for a time. Over the years, Carney told them various stories about his rough upbringing, only to later realize that his in-laws view this as “entertainment, a vaudeville act.”
Unlike her parents, Elizabeth disregards the differences between her and Carney’s upbringings. Her chosen profession seeks to benefit all Black people, suggesting she has rejected her parents’ classism in favor of a more communal mindset. In comparison, the way Alma and Leland treat Carney like his suffering is sensationalized “entertainment” shows how their inflated view of themselves has eroded their ability to show empathy for people they view as lower class.
Themes
Crime, Class, and Social Mobility Theme Icon
Community, Change, and Loyalty  Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
Now, Leland references one of Carney’s stories about the time he and his father split a single sweet potato on Christmas morning, before Carney’s father disappeared for a week. Carney, who once felt pride in the difficulties he has survived, pretends he doesn’t know what Leland is talking about. On the drive home, Carney resolves to give Arthur’s name to Montague, since he is holding the loot. Then he will warn Arthur to get out of town, keeping Freddie’s name out of everything. But when they arrive home, Freddie is waiting for him. After Elizabeth and May are inside, Freddie tells Carney that Arthur is dead.
Carney refuses to indulge in Leland’s mean-spirited interest in his childhood, suggesting he is no longer interested in appeasing his in-laws when they fail to treat him as an equal. That Carney intends to warn Arthur after betraying him to Montague speaks to his sense of personal integrity—he does not like betraying Arthur, but feels he must do so in order to protect his family. It is worth noting that Carney always considers how Freddie will be affected, even though Freddie rarely considers how his own actions affect Carney’s wellbeing.
Themes
Identity and Duality Theme Icon
Betrayal, Vengeance, and Integrity Theme Icon
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