Old Grandpa Fool Bull was one of Mary’s relatives. Before he died, Mary went to him to learn Lakota cultural traditions. He was a traditionalist; in fact, he was the last Lakota who knew how to make the tribe’s “old-style flutes.” He also lived through the Wounded Knee Massacre, one of the U.S.’s infamous acts of violence against Native Americans (he was nearby and heard the rifle fire). Old Grandpa Fool Bull brought Mary to her first peyote meeting when she was young; unlike Mary’s grandmother and mother, he believed in the importance of maintaining Lakota traditions.