Once

by

Morris Gleitzman

Themes and Colors
Storytelling Theme Icon
Innocence and Ignorance Theme Icon
Antisemitism vs. Human Dignity Theme Icon
Family Theme Icon
Morality, Violence, and Complicity   Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Once, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Innocence and Ignorance Theme Icon

In Once, adults try to preserve children’s innocence by hiding terrible truths from them. Yet in doing so, they also make children ignorant, which exposes them to danger. The novel’s protagonist, Felix, is a Jewish boy living in Nazi-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. When his parents hide him from the Nazis in a Catholic orphanage, they lie to him about why. Similarly, the nun who runs the orphanage, Mother Minka, keeps the truth about the Nazis from Felix and the other orphans so they won’t panic. Felix, innocent and ignorant of what the Nazis are doing, runs away from the orphanage—and straight into danger. Later, Felix meets a Jewish dentist named Barney who has been hiding orphaned Jewish children inside an abandoned print shop. When Barney and Felix overhear a Nazi convincing Jewish people to travel to the “countryside,” Felix asks Barney whether they can go too; Barney refuses without explaining why. Felix, irritated, plans to escape to the countryside—a plan that would lead to his death, since “countryside” is a Nazi euphemism for concentration camps. It’s only when Barney discovers Felix’s plan that he admits the truth to Felix—but he still doesn’t tell the other children in his care about the concentration camps. Near the novel’s end, Nazis have thrown Barney, Felix, and the other orphaned children onto a train headed for a concentration camp when the passengers manage to create a hole in the train-car wall large enough to jump through. Felix asks the other children to jump despite the Nazi machine-gunners on the train’s roof, but most refuse—perhaps because neither Felix nor Barney has told them where the train is taking them. In their ignorance, thus, the children almost certainly perish. Thus, the novel suggests that rather than trying to preserve children’s innocence by keeping them ignorant of terrible truths, adults should be honest with children to protect them.

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Innocence and Ignorance ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Innocence and Ignorance appears in each chapter of Once. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Innocence and Ignorance Quotes in Once

Below you will find the important quotes in Once related to the theme of Innocence and Ignorance.
Pages 1–8 Quotes

Once I was living in an orphanage in the mountains and I shouldn’t have been and I almost caused a riot.

It was because of the carrot.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker)
Related Symbols: Carrots
Page Number: 1
Explanation and Analysis:

At last. Thank you, God, Jesus, Mary, the Pope, and Adolf Hitler. I’ve waited so long for this.

It’s a sign.

This carrot is a sign from Mum and Dad. They’ve sent my favorite vegetable to let me know their problems are finally over. To let me know that after three long years and eight long months things are finally improving for Jewish booksellers. To let me know they’re coming to take me home.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker)
Related Symbols: Carrots
Page Number: 3
Explanation and Analysis:

I don’t argue. You don’t with Mother Minka. Nuns can have good hearts and still be violent.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Mother Minka, Dodie
Page Number: 8
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 9–17 Quotes

“Jankiel’s not hiding from the men in the car,” says Dodie. “He’s hiding from the torture squad.”

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Dodie (speaker), Jankiel
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 18–28 Quotes

“We can only pray,” says Mother Minka. “We can only trust that God and Jesus and the Blessed Mary and our holy father in Rome will keep everyone safe.”

I can hardly breathe.

Suddenly I realize this is even worse than I thought.

“And Adolf Hitler?” I whisper. “Father Ludwik says Adolf Hitler keeps us safe too.”

Mother Minka doesn’t answer, just presses her lips together and closes her eyes.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Mother Minka (speaker), Father Ludwik
Page Number: 23
Explanation and Analysis:

“Look,” he says, “I can’t tell you what the Nazis are doing because Mother Minka made me swear on the Bible that I wouldn’t tell anyone. She doesn’t want everyone upset and worried.”

“Thanks,” I say. “But I know what they’re doing. They’re burning books.”

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Jankiel (speaker), Mother Minka
Page Number: 28
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 29–40 Quotes

Sometimes real life can be a bit different from stories.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker)
Related Symbols: Notebook
Page Number: 36
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 41–52 Quotes

“We’re playing grabbing Jews in the street,” says the little boy.

“I’m a Jew,” says the little girl. “He’s a Nazi. He’s going to grab me and take me away. Who do you want to be?”

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker)
Page Number: 48-49
Explanation and Analysis:

Why are some people kind to us Jewish book owners and some people hate us? I wish I’d asked Mr. Kopek to explain. And also to tell me why the Nazis hate Jewish books so much that they’ve dragged Mum and Dad and all their Jewish customers off to the city.

I tell myself a story about a bunch of kids in another country whose parents work in a book warehouse and one day a big pile of Jewish books topples onto the kids’ parents and crushes them and the kids vow that when they grow up they’ll get revenge on all the Jewish books and their owners.

It doesn’t feel like a very believable story.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Mother Minka, Father Ludwik
Page Number: 52
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 53–61 Quotes

Please, Mum and Dad, I beg silently.

Don’t be like these people.

Don’t put up a struggle.

It’s only books.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Dodie
Related Symbols: Notebook
Page Number: 56
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 62–71 Quotes

Each person is wearing an armband. Not a red and black armband like the Nazis had at the orphanage. These are white with a blue star, a Jewish star like on some of the Jewish houses at home. Must be so these travelers can recognize the other members of their group. We used to have paper saints pinned to our tops on sports day so everyone could see which dormitory we were from.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker)
Page Number: 64-65
Explanation and Analysis:

“Excuse me,” I say to a man walking nearby. “Are you a book lover?”

The man stares at me as if I’m mad. His gray sagging face was miserable before, but now he looks like he’s close to tears. He looks away. I feel terrible. I wish I hadn’t asked.

Not just because I’ve made a suffering Jewish man feel upset at the sight of a crazy kid. Also because I’ve got a horrible suspicion I know the answer to the question.

Maybe it’s not just our books the Nazis hate.

Maybe it’s us.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Zelda, Mother Minka
Page Number: 70-71
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 72–80 Quotes

“That’s a good story,” I say. “And when the man gets better, he and the gorilla go and live happily in the jungle and open a cake shop.”

“Yes,” says Zelda quietly.

She doesn’t look as though she totally believes it.

Neither do I.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Zelda (speaker), Mother Minka
Page Number: 76-77
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 91–98 Quotes

I want to yell at them, Don’t you know anything? Our parents are out there in a dangerous Nazi city. The Nazis are shooting at people. They could be shooting our parents. A story isn’t going to help.

But I don’t. It’s not their fault. They don’t understand what it feels like when you’ve put your mum and dad in terrible danger. When the only reason they couldn’t get a visa to go to America is because when you were six you asked the man at the visa desk if the red blotches on his face were from sticking his head in a dragon’s mouth.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Zelda, Barney
Page Number: 93
Explanation and Analysis:

Suddenly I’m thinking about another story. The one Mum and Dad told me about why I had to stay at the orphanage. They said it was so I could go to school there while they traveled to fix up their business. They told it so well, that story, I believed it for three years and eight months.

That story saved my life.

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Zelda, Barney, Mother Minka, Father Ludwik
Page Number: 95
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 112–120 Quotes

“Once a princess lived in a castle. It was a small castle, but the princess loved it, and she loved her family who lived there with her. Then one day the evil goblins came looking for information about their enemies. They thought the princess knew the information, but she didn’t. To make her tell, the goblins gave the princess three wishes. Either they could hurt her, or they could hurt the old people, or they could hurt the babies.”

Chaya pauses, trembling, staring at the floor. I can see how hard it is for her to finish her story.

“The princess chose the first wish,” she says quietly. “But because she didn’t know any information, the goblins made all three wishes come true.”

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Chaya (speaker), Zelda, Barney
Page Number: 119-120
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 121–131 Quotes

“Sometimes […] parents can’t protect their kids even though they love them more than anything else in the world. Sometimes, even when they try their very hardest, they can’t save them.”

Related Characters: Barney (speaker), Felix Salinger, Zelda
Page Number: 129
Explanation and Analysis:
Pages 144–152 Quotes

“Zelda,” I moan. “Why didn’t you stay?”

“I bit the Nazi,” she says. “Don’t you know anything?”

Related Characters: Felix Salinger (speaker), Zelda (speaker), Barney, The Nazi Officer
Page Number: 152
Explanation and Analysis: