Our Mutual Friend centers on several families in London whose paths cross through unusual circumstances, including the Harmons, the Boffins, the Hexams, and the Wilfers. The one constant among all these families is conflict, with some families being supportive and overcoming these conflicts and others getting caught in self-destructive cycles. The novel makes the argument that supportive families focus on one another, rather than turning family members’ attention outward. For instance, Jenny is portrayed as a good daughter because she cares for her father, Mr. Dolls, but her father is a poor father figure because he’s focused only on acquiring alcohol instead of on his daughter. Another example of a supportive family is Boffin and Henerietty, a happily married couple who use their newfound wealth to adopt and support those who are less fortunate. This leads to them forming caring relationships with Bella and Sloppy, who return their affection and help the Boffins live a fulfilling life that’s about more than just money. Wealth isn’t a prerequisite for being a supportive family member, however. Lizzie, for example, lives a very impoverished life, but she still does what she can to be a good sister to Charley, selflessly sending him off to get the sort of education that she herself can’t have. Later, Eugene Wrayburn sees the value of Lizzie’s good character and chooses to marry her despite the social stigma they’ll face due to her lower class. Once again, family provides something more important than money.
Still, for all the good that family does for the characters in the novel, it can also be a source of strife, particularly when characters start to see family as a means to an end. All of the conflict in the novel begins because old Mr. Harmon attempts to manipulate his son John Harmon with the terms of his will, specifying that John will only receive his fortune if he marries Bella. Old Mr. Harmon’s lack of trust in his son ends up causing a lot of unnecessary conflict—as it turns out, John comes to love Bella even when neither of them has a fortune at stake. The Lammles represent an even more mercenary approach to family, with Alfred and Sophronia only marrying each other to achieve wealth. They both end up disappointed and stuck in an unwanted marriage. The Lammles attempt to fix their broken marriage by scheming to get money out of an equally mercenary marriage between Georgiana and Fledgeby, but ultimately, this scheme backfires and leads to Alfred and Sophronia leaving the country in financial disgrace, showing the consequences of this selfish approach to family. Our Mutual Friend depicts how supportive families are the ones that look inward and help each other through acts of selflessness, while dysfunctional families look outward for solutions (like money or alcohol), leading to less durable and fulfilling relationships.
Marriage, Adoption, and Family ThemeTracker
Marriage, Adoption, and Family Quotes in Our Mutual Friend
Mr and Mrs Veneering were bran-new people in a bran-new house in a bran-new quarter of London. Everything about the Veneerings was spick and span new. All their furniture was new, all their friends were new, all their servants were new, their plate was new, their carriage was new, their harness was new, their horses were new, their pictures were new, they themselves were new, they were as newly married as was lawfully compatible with their having a bran-new baby, and if they had set up a great-grandfather, he would have come home in matting from the Pantechnicon, without a scratch upon him, French polished to the crown of his head.
So, the happy pair, with this hopeful marriage contract thus signed, sealed, and delivered, repair homeward. If, when those infernal finger-marks were on the white and breathless countenance of Alfred Lammle, Esquire, they denoted that he conceived the purpose of subduing his dear wife Mrs Alfred Lammle, by at once divesting her of any lingering reality or pretence of self-respect, the purpose would seem to have been presently executed. The mature young lady has mighty little need of powder, now, for her downcast face, as he escorts her in the light of the setting sun to their abode of bliss.
“And now, Pa,” pursued Bella, “I’ll make a confession to you. I am the most mercenary little wretch that ever lived in the world.”
“I should hardly have thought it of you, my dear,” returned her father, first glancing at himself; and then at the dessert.
“I understand what you mean, Pa, but it’s not that. It’s not that I care for money to keep as money, but I do care so much for what it will buy!”
The doctor was quick to understand children, and, taking the horse, the ark, the yellow bird, and the man in the Guards, from Johnny’s bed, softly placed them on that of his next neighbour, the mite with the broken leg.
With a weary and yet a pleased smile, and with an action as if he stretched his little figure out to rest, the child heaved his body on the sustaining arm, and seeking Rokesmith’s face with his lips, said:
“A kiss for the boofer lady.”
Having now bequeathed all he had to dispose of, and arranged his affairs in this world, Johnny, thus speaking, left it.
“I have hoped and trusted not too, Pa; but every day he changes for the worse, and for the worse. Not to me—he is always much the same to me—but to others about him. Before my eyes he grows suspicious, capricious, hard, tyrannical, unjust. If ever a good man were ruined by good fortune, it is my benefactor. And yet, Pa, think how terrible the fascination of money is! I see this, and hate this, and dread this, and don’t know but that money might make a much worse change in me. And yet I have money always in my thoughts and my desires; and the whole life I place before myself is money, money, money, and what money can make of life!”
Sewn in the breast of her gown, the money to pay for her burial was still intact. If she could wear through the day, and then lie down to die under cover of the darkness, she would die independent. If she were captured previously, the money would be taken from her as a pauper who had no right to it, and she would be carried to the accursed workhouse.
“I never was so surprised, my dear!” said her father. “I couldn’t believe my eyes. Upon my life, I thought they had taken to lying! The idea of your coming down the Lane yourself! Why didn’t you send the footman down the Lane, my dear?”
“I have brought no footman with me, Pa.”
“Oh indeed! But you have brought the elegant turn-out, my love?”
“No, Pa.”
“You never can have walked, my dear?”
“Yes, I have, Pa.”
He looked so very much astonished, that Bella could not make up her mind to break it to him just yet.
So, she leaning on her husband’s arm, they turned homeward by a rosy path which the gracious sun struck out for them in its setting. And O there are days in this life, worth life and worth death. And O what a bright old song it is, that O ‘tis love, ‘tis love, ‘tis love that makes the world go round!