Summer of the Mariposas

by

Guadalupe García McCall

Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation Theme Analysis

Themes and Colors
Sisterhood, Motherhood, and Family Theme Icon
Magic, Myth, and Deception Theme Icon
Gender Dynamics and Female Solidarity Theme Icon
Kindness, Mercy, and Morality Theme Icon
Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Summer of the Mariposas, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation Theme Icon

By utilizing mythology specific to Mexican and Aztec culture, Summer of the Mariposas highlights how appreciating and respecting cultural—as well as ancestral—history can lead to a greater sense of connection and community. At the novel’s start, Odilia and her sisters are unaware of their Aztec heritage. La Llorona’s gift of the ear pendant opens the door for the girls to tap into an ancient, familial magic. Each time Odilia uses the pendant, she connects with the Aztec goddess Tonantzin, who reliably comes to the rescue. When she appears to the sisters in the nagual’s cave, Tonantzin declares that they are cinco estrellitas—five little stars—under her protection. From there, the girls develop a greater sense that, regardless of what difficulties they face, they are never alone.

Before Tonantzin grants Odilia’s final wish and transports the sisters back across the Rio Grande, she gifts them with a vision of Tenochtitlan, the ancient city of their Aztec ancestors. The purpose of this vision is to remind the girls “who you are, where you came from, as you develop a better future.” Here, the novel explores the potential for cultural knowledge to actively transform how the descendants of that culture make their way in the modern world. Odilia and her sisters return home with greater reverence for their ancestors and homeland. Additionally, Tonantzin includes Odilia in her plan to free La Llorona from her curse and create “new life in the universe” in the form of a new constellation. In this way, the novel demonstrates how engaging with one’s ancestry and culture can be a dynamic experience of co-creation, connecting people across time through shared faith and practice.

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Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation appears in each chapter of Summer of the Mariposas. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation Quotes in Summer of the Mariposas

Below you will find the important quotes in Summer of the Mariposas related to the theme of Ancestral and Cultural Appreciation.
Chapter 1 Quotes

“Don’t you see? There’s a reason we found him instead of the border patrol. He came looking for us because he knew we could help him. It’s not a coincidence that he’s from the same place as Papá.”

“What are you talking about?” I asked. “You’re not making any sense.”

Juanita continued passionately. “Don’t you get it? We were meant to find him, so we could go see our abuelita in Mexico again. It was fate that brought him to us.”

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Juanita (speaker), La Llorona, Papá, Abuelita Remedios, The Dead Man (Gabriel Pérdido)
Page Number: 21
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 3 Quotes

“You were chosen for the goodness in your heart,” she explained. […] “Your sister was right when she said finding the body of the drowned man was not an accident.”

She took my hand once again, her touch still deathly cold. Standing beside the hackberry shrubs with hundreds of empty desiccated cocoons still clinging to their branches and a carpet of butterfly corpses under her feet, La Llorona did not look anything like a malevolent specter. She looked more like a tired, heavily burdened woman.

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), La Llorona (speaker), Juanita, The Dead Man (Gabriel Pérdido)
Related Symbols: Mariposas (Butterflies)
Page Number: 51
Explanation and Analysis:

“This is about all of you: your sisters, your parents, even your abuela,” La Llorona continued. “You must travel to the other side, into the land of your ancestors, to find each other again.”

Related Characters: La Llorona (speaker), Odilia, Mamá, Papá, Juanita, Velia, Delia, Pita, Abuelita Remedios, The Dead Man (Gabriel Pérdido)
Page Number: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 12 Quotes

There were so many of them joining in the dance that soon they moved as one. Their bodies became a collective, a tapestry of wing and wind that fluttered with life, transforming into the figure of a young woman with dark hair and dark eyes. She was dressed in a shimmering tunic of gold and green jade. She looked like an Aztec goddess, but her face was that of a Mexican girl, the face of our many friends and cousins, a teenager, like us.

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Tonantzin (La Virgen)
Related Symbols: Mariposas (Butterflies)
Page Number: 190
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 14 Quotes

It felt weird, preparing for what might happen to us in the night. I felt like we were in a different world, a magical realm, where everything was larger than life. Did I think we could really kill the mythical chupacabras? Normally, I would have said not on your life, especially since we weren’t even sure if he was a vampire. […] Besides, there was something about being in those ruins in the Mexican countryside that made anything possible, because that night I believed in us—cinco hermanitas, five little sisters, together forever. No matter what.

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Juanita, Velia, Delia, Pita, El Chupacabras (Chencho)
Page Number: 229
Explanation and Analysis:

“Odilia is right. We’re the Garza girls, cinco hermanitas, five little sisters under the protection of the goddess,” she said, holding the stake in front of her with both hands and anchoring the sharp point of it on the ground.

“That’s right,” I said. I looked down at Pita, who was clutching her ankle, wincing. “Remember what I told you? La Llorona said we must remain noble and kind. We should grant mercy when it is asked of us.”

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Juanita (speaker), La Llorona, Tonantzin (La Virgen), Velia, Delia, Pita, El Chupacabras (Chencho)
Page Number: 235-236
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 16 Quotes

“Your father is like the sun, splendid to behold, but he must descend and let darkness rule for a time.”

I don’t get it,” Pita said.

The virgen stepped down from her throne and touched Pita’s face. “Without night there would be no rest, no room for growth. It is just the way things are,” Tonantzin explained in a serene voice.

[…]

“I know you don’t understand what is happening with your family,” Tonantzin said gently. “But you will, when the time comes. A new dawn is approaching, but you are very clever, very brave. You will not be blinded by his light.”

Related Characters: Odilia, Mamá, Tonantzin (La Virgen), Papá, Juanita, Velia, Delia, Pita
Page Number: 273
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 17 Quotes

“Tenochtitlan,” Abuelita said, looking in wonder at the great city looming over the swampy lake. “The Aztecs decided to build it here, on the lake, when they saw the sign—an eagle sitting on a cactus, eating a snake. It was the center of a great empire, the home of our ancestors.”

I watched Ixtali row and row, taking us away from the city. “Why are we so far from home?” I asked.

“This is the goddess’s gift to you,” she said. “A vision, to always remember who you are, where you came from, as you develop a better future.”

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Abuelita Remedios (speaker), Ixtali (speaker), Tonantzin (La Virgen)
Page Number: 280
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 21 Quotes

“You have done well, my daughter. Your migration through the voyage of pain and sorrow has been hard, but you are at the end of your journey. The Ancients have waited a long time for you to emerge, to spread your wings, to take flight. And now, they are ready for you to come home.”

Related Characters: Tonantzin (La Virgen) (speaker), Odilia, La Llorona
Related Symbols: Mariposas (Butterflies)
Page Number: 324
Explanation and Analysis:

“Only the sun is the alone in the sky,” the Virgen’s voice answered me from beyond the shadows of night. I couldn’t see anything, but I could feel her presence all around me. “I am with you every day. I am the moon, the stars, the sky. I am the river. I am the morning sigh. Remember mi Mariposa pequeña. You are one of many. You are one of us.”

At her words, a swarm of butterflies fluttered out of the hackberry shrubs and flitted around me, dusting me with delight.

Related Characters: Odilia (speaker), Tonantzin (La Virgen) (speaker)
Related Symbols: Mariposas (Butterflies)
Page Number: 326-327
Explanation and Analysis: