The Fountainhead

The Fountainhead

by

Ayn Rand

Crowds and Groups Symbol Analysis

Crowds and Groups Symbol Icon

Crowds and groups of people, whenever they appear in the novel, symbolize inefficiency and irrationality. Since the novel places a high premium on individualism, collectives of any kind—like associations, councils, and audiences—are shown in a negative light. According to Roark (and Rand), a person is incapable of rational thought when lumped in with a group, which is why Roark refuses to “co-operate” or “collaborate” with other architects, even if that means refusing a prestigious commission like the exposition for a World Fair. Parties, like those thrown by Kiki Holcombe, are shown to be petty affairs with trivial banter and insecure people, while committees and boards are repeatedly shown to be inefficient and pointless. For example, Keating’s Council of American Builders achieves no results and meets without an agenda, other than listening to speeches and drinking root beer. In the novel, even the crowds on the street are an unthinking mass, filled with a resentment they do not quite understand.

Crowds and Groups Quotes in The Fountainhead

The The Fountainhead quotes below all refer to the symbol of Crowds and Groups. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Individualism Theme Icon
).
Part 1: Chapter 1 Quotes

“The purpose, the site, the material determine the shape [of the building]. Nothing can be reasonable or beautiful unless it’s made by one central idea, and the idea sets every detail. A building is alive, like a man. Its integrity is to follow its own truth, its one single theme, and to serve its own single purpose. […] Every form has its own meaning. Every man creates his meaning and form and goal. Why is it so important—what others have done? […] Why does the number of those others take the place of truth?”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker)
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 24
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1: Chapter 4 Quotes

“You’re fired,” said Cameron. […] “You’re too good for what you want to do with yourself. It’s no use, Roark. Better now than later.”

“What do you mean?”

“It’s no use wasting what you’ve got on an ideal that you’ll never reach. It’s no use, taking that marvelous thing you have and making a torture rack for yourself out of it. Sell it, Roark. […] You’ve got what they’ll pay you for, and pay plenty, if you use it their way. Accept them, Roark. Compromise. Compromise now, because you’ll have to later, anyway, only then you’ll have gone through things you’ll wish you hadn’t. You don’t know. I do. Save yourself from that. […]”

“Did you do that?”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker), Henry Cameron (speaker)
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 62-63
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1: Chapter 9 Quotes

Then came the voice.

“My friends,” it said, simply and solemnly. “My brothers,” it added softly, involuntarily, both full of emotion and smiling apologetically at the emotion. […]

It was not a voice, it was a miracle. It unrolled as a velvet banner. […] It was the voice of a giant.

Keating stood, his mouth open. He did not hear what the voice was saying. He heard the beauty of the sounds without meaning. He felt no need to know the meaning; he could accept anything, he would be led blindly anywhere. […]

Keating looked at Catherine. There was no Catherine; there was only […] a nameless thing in which she was being swallowed.

“Let’s get out of here,” he whispered. His voice was savage. He was afraid.

Related Characters: Ellsworth Toohey (speaker), Peter Keating (speaker), Catherine Halsey
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 109
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1: Chapter 12 Quotes

“If I found a job, a project, an idea or a person I wanted—I’d have to depend on the whole world. Everything has strings leading to everything else. We’re all so tied together. We’re all in a net, the net is waiting, and we’re pushed into it by a single desire. You want a thing and it’s precious to you. Do you know who is standing ready to tear it out of your hands? You can’t know, it may be so involved and so far away, but someone is ready, and you’re afraid of them all. And you cringe and crawl and you beg and you accept them—just so they’ll let you keep it. And look at whom you come to accept.”

Related Characters: Dominique Francon (speaker), Alvah Scarret
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 143
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 1: Chapter 15 Quotes

“Just drop that fool delusion that you’re better than everybody else—and go to work. […] You’ll have people running after you, you’ll have clients, you’ll have friends, you’ll have an army of draftsmen to order around! […]”

[…]

“Look, Peter, I believe you. I know that you have nothing to gain by saying this. I know more than that. I know that you don’t want me to succeed—it’s all right, I’m not reproaching you, I’ve always known it—you don’t want me ever to reach these things you’re offering me. And yet you’re pushing me on to reach them, quite sincerely. […] And it’s not love for me, because that wouldn’t make you so angry—and so frightened….Peter, what is it that disturbs you about me as I am?”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker), Peter Keating (speaker)
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 191-192
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2: Chapter 10 Quotes

“And what, incidentally, do you think integrity is? The ability not to pick a watch out of your neighbor’s pocket? No, it’s not as easy as that. If that were all, I’d say ninety-five percent of humanity were honest, upright men. Only, as you can see, they aren’t. Integrity is the ability to stand by an idea. That presupposes the ability to think. Thinking is something one doesn’t borrow or pawn. And yet, if I were asked to choose a symbol for humanity as we know it, I wouldn’t choose a cross nor an eagle nor a lion and unicorn. I’d choose three gilded balls.”

Related Characters: Kent Lansing (speaker), Howard Roark
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 313
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2: Chapter 12 Quotes

“What you’re thinking is much worse than the truth. I don’t believe it matters to me—that they’re going to destroy it. Maybe it hurts so much that I don’t even know I’m hurt. But I don’t think so. If you want to carry it for my sake, don’t carry more than I do. I’m not capable of suffering completely. I never have. It goes only down to a certain point and then it stops. As long as there is that untouched point, it’s not really pain. You mustn’t look like that.”

“Where does it stop?”

“Where I can think of nothing and feel nothing except that I designed that temple. I built it. Nothing else can seem very important.”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker), Dominique Francon (speaker), Ellsworth Toohey, Hopton Stoddard
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 344
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3: Chapter 2 Quotes

“You’re not here, Dominique. You’re not alive. Where’s your I?”

“Where’s yours, Peter?” she asked quietly.

He sat still, his eyes wide. […]

“You’re beginning to see, aren’t you, Peter? Shall I make it clearer. You’ve never wanted me to be real. You never wanted anyone to be. But you didn’t want to show it. You wanted an act to help your act—a beautiful, complicated act, all twists, trimmings and words. All words. […] You wanted a mirror. People want nothing but mirrors around them. To reflect them while they’re reflecting too. You know, like the senseless infinity you get from two mirrors facing each other across a narrow passage. […] Reflections of reflections and echoes of echoes.”

Related Characters: Dominique Francon (speaker), Peter Keating
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 425-426
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3: Chapter 6 Quotes

“What achievement is there for a critic in praising a good play? None whatever. The critic is then nothing but a kind of glorified messenger boy between author and public. […] I’m sick of it. I have a right to wish to impress my own personality upon people. Otherwise, I shall become frustrated—and I do not believe in frustration. But if a critic is able to put over a perfectly worthless play—ah, you do perceive the difference!”

Related Characters: Jules Fougler (speaker), Ellsworth Toohey, Ike
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 469
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 4: Chapter 1 Quotes

“If you want me, you’ll have to let me do it all, alone. I don’t work with councils.”

“You wish to reject an opportunity like this, a shot in history, a chance of world fame, practically a chance of immortality…”

“I don’t work with collectives. I don’t consult, I don’t cooperate, I don’t collaborate.”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker)
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 513
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 4: Chapter 11 Quotes

“It’s what I couldn’t understand about people for a long time. They have no self. They live within others. They live second-hand. Look at Peter Keating. […] He’s paying the price and wondering for what sin and telling himself he’s been too selfish. In what act or thought of his has there ever been a self? What was his aim in life? Greatness—in other people’s eyes. Fame, admiration, envy—all that which comes from others. […] And isn’t that the root of every despicable action? Not selfishness, but precisely the absence of a self. […] They’re second-handers.”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker), Peter Keating, Gail Wynand
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 605
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 4: Chapter 16 Quotes

He walked at random. He owned nothing, but he was owned by any part of the city. It was right that the city should direct his way and that he should be moved by the pull of chance corners. Here I am, my masters, I am coming to salute you and acknowledge, wherever you want me, I shall go as I’m told. I’m the man who wanted power.

[…] You were a ruler of men. You held a leash. A leash is only a rope with a noose at both ends.

My masters, the anonymous, the unselected. They gave me a penthouse, an office, a yacht. To them, to any one of them who wished, for the sum of three cents, I sold Howard Roark.

Related Characters: Gail Wynand (speaker), Howard Roark
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 659-660
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 4: Chapter 18 Quotes

“The ‘common good’ of a collective –a race, a class, a state—was the claim and justification of every tyranny ever established over men. Every major horror of history was committed in the name of an altruistic motive. […]

“Now observe the results of a society built on the principle of individualism. This, our country. The noblest country in the history of men. The country of greatest achievement, greatest prosperity, greatest freedom. This country was not based on selfless service, sacrifice, renunciation or any precept of altruism. It was based on man’s right to the pursuit of happiness. His own happiness. Not anyone else’s.”

Related Characters: Howard Roark (speaker)
Related Symbols: Crowds and Groups
Page Number: 682-683
Explanation and Analysis:
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Crowds and Groups Symbol Timeline in The Fountainhead

The timeline below shows where the symbol Crowds and Groups appears in The Fountainhead. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Part 1: Chapter 1
Individualism Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
As Roark walks back into town, people stare at him and many feel an inexplicable “sudden resentment.” Roark, however, doesn’t notice anyone.... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
...about the Dean’s call until Mrs. Keating reminds him again. She secretly worries that the Board’s decision to expel Roark might be revoked, and she is shocked to realize that Roark... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
...has no interest in traditional designs, and he doesn’t care about the opinions of the majority, so he doesn’t want to come back to the school. He believes the “purpose, the... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 2
Individualism Theme Icon
...are in, and he is pleased to be there. He is a member of several groups, like the Architects Guild of America. Peter Keating, “the star student of Stanton,” is in... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 4
Individualism Theme Icon
...it a “triumph of Classical purity and common sense” which can touch “the heart of every man on the street .” Toohey celebrates the building’s lack of “unbridled egotism” and that the “gracious monotony” of... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 6
Individualism Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
...away from scientific technicalities and complexities in the book, ensuring that it is accessible to everyone. He praises architecture for being the “greatest of the arts,” since it is anonymous, as... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 9
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
...then adds bits of the other four to the final design.  He believes that “ [s]ix minds are better than one .” Roark is to be his “Modernistic” man, and Roark understands that he will never... (full context)
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
The building-trades union is on a strike. While most of the newspapers support the strikers, Wynand’s publications don’t—Francon... (full context)
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Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
Toohey is greeted by deafening applause from the crowds and he begins speaking in a voice that is full of emotion and that Keating... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 10
Individualism Theme Icon
Ralston Holcombe, president of the Architects’ Guild of America (the A.G.A.), believes that one should not put “originality over Beauty” and he favors the style of... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 11
Individualism Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...he has felt pained and humiliated. Keating tells Roark that he can now join the A.G.A., since he is an architect, but Roark says he “won’t join anything […] at any... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
...publications that celebrate notable new constructions, and is mocked in the club rooms of the A.G.A. by architects like Ralston Holcombe and Guy Francon, who call it a “modernistic stunt” and... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 12
Individualism Theme Icon
Dominique is asked about the slums at dinner parties. She casually calls out the rich people who own these tenements, telling them in public about the clogged sewers and stalactites in... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 13
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
In April, Nathaniel Janss meets with Roark, saying that his real estate company plans to build a small office building. He says he isn’t sold on Roark and... (full context)
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
But during the construction, Mrs. Sanborn demands several small changes—additional cupboards, a different kind of staircase—that raise the construction costs. Roark decides he needs to redesign... (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 14
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Keating is uncertain about his final sketch. He knows Holcombe is on the jury, so he’s made the building look like a tall Renaissance palace—a style he knows Holcombe... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
...the Manhattan Bank Company. Sanborn’s son (who loves the house) has recommended him, but the board still has to decide. (full context)
Part 1: Chapter 15
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...seem to fully comprehend all that Keating tells him, but he is worried that the A.G.A. will revoke his license if Keating shows them his evidence. He begs Keating not to... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
...to change the façade a little. Roark’s design is too radical for many of the board members, so they added some touches that would appease them. They have a rough sketch... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 3
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...the greatness of the personality. […] Thus, a single man comes to represent […] the multitude of all men together.” The article is accompanied by a note from Toohey, asking Keating... (full context)
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
Toohey asks Keating if he would be the chairman for an organization of young architects, and he also tells Keating that the brilliant author Lois Cook is... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 4
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
Cook tells Keating that Toohey is organizing a youth group for writers and that she will chair it. Keating happily tells her that he will... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 5
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...hair, and yet she wanders the streets without purpose. Previously, she’d been impervious to the people on the street, with “faces made alike by fear—fear as a common denominator, fear of... (full context)
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...should never allow it to be built so it can be treated poorly by the masses and be discussed by people like Toohey. (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
At the first meeting of the organization of young architects, Keating immediately feels a sense of comfort and brotherhood with the other... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 6
Individualism Theme Icon
...Roark finds these comments to be “more offensive than hostility.” Dominique watches him speaking to everyone, thinking that Roark knows how hard it is for her to see him being “delivered... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 7
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...for it will be obvious to anyone who can read between the lines—but that most people won’t. Dominique says it was written for those who won’t. (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...building Roark will build for him will be “great” and not “good,” something that the masses will not like. She recommends Keating instead because he is “famous and safe and popular.”... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 8
Individualism Theme Icon
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...unexpectedly. He says he’s heard that Dominique has been throwing parties and socializing, and that people have been saying she is much better at it than Kiki Holcombe. He finds it... (full context)
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...that one important line.” He tells her that “They’ll love anything [he] write[s],” meaning his readers(full context)
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Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
Everywhere, people are talking about Dominique’s hatred for Roark, and it pleases her to hear this. Austen... (full context)
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...lovers—this makes the moments they share “greater” since they are untouched by the awareness of others. When she sees Roark talking to someone else who looks at him with approval, she... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
Keating takes comfort in attending Toohey’s Council of American Builders. Gordon L. Prescott is making a metaphysical speech about how architects “deal... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 9
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
In high school, Toohey was the “star orator” and won every contest. The audience only remembered his voice. Forgetting that he was puny boy with glasses, they would speak... (full context)
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...lost interest in religion and instead turned to socialism. He became “more attentively considerate of people,” and began to be well-liked. He didn’t join any revolutionary parties, but attended meetings where... (full context)
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...meant to be about architecture, Toohey wrote about whatever he pleased and was read by millions. He never wrote anything revolutionary, and only preached sentiments like “unselfishness, brotherhood, equality.” (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
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Religion and Morality Theme Icon
Toohey also attended meetings at the Council of American Writers, which he had organized, and which was chaired by Lois Cook. The... (full context)
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Most people didn’t take these Councils seriously, saying they were a “huge joke,” but there was certainly... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 10
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Kent Lansing, who is a member of a corporation formed to erect a luxury hotel called the Aquitania, has decided that Roark will be... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 12
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Many people are very upset with Roark, including women’s clubs, a Committee of Mothers, and actresses and... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...little finger against one spot” in the “huge, complicated piece of machinery” that is our society, one “can make the thing crumble into a worthless heap of scrap iron.” He says... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
...a packed courtroom in February 1931. Roark sits alone at the defense table, and the “crowd [has] stared at him and given up angrily, finding no satisfaction. He [does] not look... (full context)
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Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
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...that it is “one man’s ego defying the most sacred impulses of all mankind.” The audience is so moved by his testimony that it bursts into applause, even though most have... (full context)
Part 2: Chapter 15
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Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
The Stoddard Temple is rebuilt into a “Home for Subnormal Children” by a group of architects that Toohey chose: Keating, Gordon L. Prescott, John Erik Snyte, and Gus Webb.... (full context)
Part 3: Chapter 6
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
Ike reads his play aloud to the Council of American Writers and his listeners—who include Lois Cook, Lancelot Clokey, and Toohey—agree that it... (full context)
Part 3: Chapter 7
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...be married, but Dominique says she wants a big wedding at a fancy hotel with crowds of people. He agrees and says it will take him a week to arrange it.... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
Dominique and Wynand get married in front of 600 people the following week. She wears a black gown and carries jasmine, and she notices that... (full context)
Part 3: Chapter 8
Individualism Theme Icon
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
Love and Selfishness Theme Icon
...it would have been even worse if a great play had been offered to that audience, since they don’t deserve one. He says he did suffer while watching it, but that... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 1
Individualism Theme Icon
...than a year ago, he had gone to see Caleb Bradley, the head of the company that had bought the land, and was surprised when he’d landed the project. He demanded... (full context)
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In the spring of 1936, Roark is chosen to be part of a council of the country’s best architects to design a World’s Fair. Roark tells them that while... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 4
Integrity vs. Conformity Theme Icon
...be a part of, and says he admires Roark for refusing to collaborate with the group of architects who had been chosen for the job. Roark says it wasn’t just a... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 6
Individualism Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
Toohey is at a gathering filled with his admirers, including Mitchell Layton, Homer Slottern, their wives, Eve Layton and Renée... (full context)
Individualism Theme Icon
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...a collective entity.” Toohey is pleased to hear these words. Mitchell Layton says that the masses “don’t know what’s good for them” and need to be led into collectivism by people... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 7
Individualism Theme Icon
Rationality vs. Emotion Theme Icon
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...flop.” Toohey, and all the other critics, had universally panned it. While he and his group of fellow architects had worked hard, “in true collective spirit,” the public had ended up... (full context)
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...picks the next big talents, like Lois Cook and Gordon Prescott. He recalls how the Council of American Builders used to be laughed at, and how they now control architecture in... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 8
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Since Roark knows he will never be able to make his way past Toohey or committees of any sort to land this challenging project himself, he needs Keating. He loves the... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 11
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Religion and Morality Theme Icon
Roark says second-handers “have no concern for facts, ideas, work. They’re concerned only with people.” The ones who actually work and create are the egotists because you can’t “think through... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 13
Religion and Morality Theme Icon
...nothing more than a prison sentence for this crime. That man should forfeit his life. Society needs the right to rid itself of men such as Howard Roark.” It is “a... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 15
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...the Banner, but the articles are laughably bad. Many employees get beaten up by angry mobs and the advertisers withdraw. Wynand tries to hire a new staff and no one responds.... (full context)
Part 4: Chapter 16
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The board of directors of the Wynand papers meet without being summoned by Wynand. The strike has... (full context)