The Ghost Map

by

Steven Johnson

John Snow, along with Henry Whitehead, is the closest thing to a protagonist in the book. A brilliant, creative thinker, Snow grew up in a working-class family, and later worked his way up to become one of London’s most prominent anesthesiologists. While most doctors in Snow’s position would have become complacent, Snow continued to research new topics in medicine; in the late 1840s, he became interested in cholera. During the 1854 cholera epidemic, Snow saw an opportunity to test his theory that cholera was a contagious, waterborne disease—a perfectly uncontroversial theory by 21st century standards, but one which was widely ridiculed at the time. Snow interviewed dozens of families and tested water samples from numerous households, ultimately concluding that the Broad Street water pump was responsible for spreading cholera through the neighborhood of Soho. Although Snow’s contributions to anesthesiology and the germ theory of disease would each be enough to assure him a place in medical history, arguably his greatest contribution was his pioneering work in medical cartography. Snow assembled elegant, insightful maps that documented the relationship between foot traffic and the spread of disease. His work remains important in the 21st century, when preventing the spread of disease is one of the central concerns of urban planners. Snow, like Whitehead, was a brilliant, highly dedicated man, who wasn’t afraid to challenge the accepted orthodoxy of the medical community. Although he died in his forties, Snow’s theories of cholera eventually became as widely accepted as they’d once been controversial.

John Snow Quotes in The Ghost Map

The The Ghost Map quotes below are all either spoken by John Snow or refer to John Snow. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Illness, Death, and the Unknown Theme Icon
).
Chapter 3 Quotes

Snow was a truly consilient thinker […] Snow’s work was constantly building bridges between different disciplines, some of which barely existed as functional sciences in his day, using data on one scale of investigation to make predictions about behavior on other scales.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

Snow also recognized the weakness of the contagionist argument. […] Clearly, the cholera was not communicated through sheer proximity. In fact, the most puzzling element of the disease was that it seemed capable of traveling across city blocks, skipping entire houses in the process.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

In explaining Snow's battle against the miasma theory and the medical establishment, it's not sufficient to point to his brilliance or his tenacity alone, though no doubt those characteristics played a crucial role. If the dominance of the miasma model was itself shaped by multiple intersecting forces, so, too, was Snow’s ability to see it for the illusion that it was.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

Snow's argument was persuasive—and, besides, they had few other options. If Snow was wrong, the neighborhood might go thirsty for a few weeks. If he was right, who knew how many lives they might save? And so, after a quick internal consultation, the Board voted that the Broad Street well should be closed down.

Related Characters: John Snow
Related Symbols: The Pump Handle
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

As for influence, it's pretty to think of John Snow unveiling the map before the Epidemiological Society to amazed and thunderous applause, and to glowing reviews in The Lancet the next week. But that's not how it happened. Its persuasiveness seems obvious to us now, living as we do outside the constraints of the miasma paradigm. But when it first began circulating in late 1854 and early 1855, its impact was far from dramatic. Snow himself seems to have thought that his South London Water Works study would ultimately be the centerpiece of his argument, the Broad Street map merely a piece of supporting evidence, a sideshow.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 198
Explanation and Analysis:
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John Snow Quotes in The Ghost Map

The The Ghost Map quotes below are all either spoken by John Snow or refer to John Snow. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Illness, Death, and the Unknown Theme Icon
).
Chapter 3 Quotes

Snow was a truly consilient thinker […] Snow’s work was constantly building bridges between different disciplines, some of which barely existed as functional sciences in his day, using data on one scale of investigation to make predictions about behavior on other scales.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 67
Explanation and Analysis:

Snow also recognized the weakness of the contagionist argument. […] Clearly, the cholera was not communicated through sheer proximity. In fact, the most puzzling element of the disease was that it seemed capable of traveling across city blocks, skipping entire houses in the process.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 71
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 6 Quotes

In explaining Snow's battle against the miasma theory and the medical establishment, it's not sufficient to point to his brilliance or his tenacity alone, though no doubt those characteristics played a crucial role. If the dominance of the miasma model was itself shaped by multiple intersecting forces, so, too, was Snow’s ability to see it for the illusion that it was.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 144
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

Snow's argument was persuasive—and, besides, they had few other options. If Snow was wrong, the neighborhood might go thirsty for a few weeks. If he was right, who knew how many lives they might save? And so, after a quick internal consultation, the Board voted that the Broad Street well should be closed down.

Related Characters: John Snow
Related Symbols: The Pump Handle
Page Number: 160
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 8 Quotes

As for influence, it's pretty to think of John Snow unveiling the map before the Epidemiological Society to amazed and thunderous applause, and to glowing reviews in The Lancet the next week. But that's not how it happened. Its persuasiveness seems obvious to us now, living as we do outside the constraints of the miasma paradigm. But when it first began circulating in late 1854 and early 1855, its impact was far from dramatic. Snow himself seems to have thought that his South London Water Works study would ultimately be the centerpiece of his argument, the Broad Street map merely a piece of supporting evidence, a sideshow.

Related Characters: John Snow
Page Number: 198
Explanation and Analysis: