The Graveyard Book

by

Neil Gaiman

The Graveyard Book: Chapter 3 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The narrator explains that every graveyard has a ghoul-gate, which is marked by a gravestone that is cold, covered in fungus, and water stained. Back in the story, Bod is furious: Silas is leaving and won’t tell Bod why. He say only that he’s going “away” to uncover “things.” Bod kicks the ground as he walks to the northwestern side of the graveyard, which is overgrown. He wakes up a family of Victorian children to play and, later, runs back to the chapel. There, Bod finds a woman, whom Silas introduces as Miss Lupescu. She’s not pretty and looks disapprovingly at Bod. After circling him and sniffing, Miss Lupescu tells Bod to report to her upon waking and before sleeping. She refers to Bod as “boy” and refuses to use his name.
As a child who still believes the world revolves around him, it’s unthinkable to Bod that Silas could ever have a good reason to leave him. Bod’s angst seems somewhat justified given the way Miss Lupescu treats him. It’s rude and disrespectful to refuse to use Bod’s name, as it suggests Miss Lupescu doesn’t genuinely care about who Bod is as a person. Miss Lupescu’s arrival might mean that Bod’s community is expanding, but it doesn’t mean that everyone in Bod’s community is as kind and committed to him as Silas is.
Themes
Community, Identity, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
Silas tells Bod he’ll be in good hands, but Bod shouts that Miss Lupescu is horrible. Bod apologizes only because he knows Silas is leaving and doesn’t want to disappoint him. Since Silas isn’t someone who accepts hugs, Bod shakes Silas’s hand and watches him leave. Then, Bod goes to his parents to complain about Silas. Mr. Owens and Mrs. Owens cheerfully assure Bod that Silas will be back to bring Bod food, but Bod thinks food is unimportant. Unlike the ghosts in the graveyard, Silas gives Bod modern information that’s always correct. He also makes Bod feel safe. 
Here, Bod reveals why exactly he’s so upset to lose Silas, even if temporarily. Now that Scarlett is gone, Silas represents Bod’s only connection to the outside world—the world that Bod will one day inhabit. With this, the novel suggests that Bod is already differentiating himself from the ghosts in the graveyard. Though they may provide care and companionship, they can’t effectively prepare Bod for his future.
Themes
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Parents and Guardians Theme Icon
Quotes
Later, Miss Lupescu sets down her first meal for Bod: beetroot-barley stew and a salad dripping with vinegar. This is a change from the food Silas provides, which usually comes in packets. Bod eats some of the stew but can barely keep the slimy salad down. Miss Lupescu forces Bod to eat one more piece of salad and then begins their lesson. Bod is annoyed; he doesn’t usually have lessons in the summer and has more than enough teachers the rest of the year. But Miss Lupescu sniffs and, in her slightly accented voice, asks if a six-year-old boy knows everything. She asks him to tell her why he should avoid ghouls and to list the “different kinds of people.” Bod can do neither. Miss Lupescu accuses Bod of willful ignorance.
Miss Lupescu’s accented way of speaking suggests that she’s not originally from Britain. This, coupled with her different teaching style and food, forces Bod to confront his internalized fear of or discomfort with difference. At this point, the stark differences between Silas and Miss Lupescu make Bod think that Miss Lupescu is evil, just because she’s not what he’s used to. This points to Bod’s immaturity.
Themes
Community, Identity, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
Miss Lupescu’s preferred teaching method is to make Bod memorize lists, and she spends three days teaching Bod to call for help in every language. When she asks him to call for help in the Night-Gaunt language, Bod says this is stupid since he forgot what a night-gaunt even is. Miss Lupescu explains that they fly in the red skies surrounding Ghûlheim and ignores Bod’s insistence that he’ll never need to know this. He makes the eagle-like cry and asks if the dog he’s seen in the graveyard belongs to Miss Lupescu. She says it doesn’t and gives him another list to memorize. Bod tries to study, but he’s too angry. His parents won’t listen to his complaints and send him to study.
To Bod’s credit, Miss Lupescu’s teaching methods perhaps do require more focus and discipline than a six-year-old can muster. But she nevertheless teaches Bod useful information, like knowing how to ask for help in all sorts of languages. Bod’s inability to see the utility in this speaks again to his lack of maturity, in addition to his personal dislike of Miss Lupescu as a substitute for Silas.
Themes
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Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
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Bod kicks stones and wanders around. When he spots the dog and tries to call it, the dog walks away. Bod stops next to a grave that captures his mood: it’s water stained and covered in fungus. Bod sits down and falls asleep. Meanwhile, three ghouls race toward the graveyard from the village. They scuttle like rats. At the edge of the graveyard, the ghoul the Duke of Westminster smells a werewolf, but the Bishop of Bath and Wells insists it’s just a normal dog. The ghouls pause beside the ghoul-gate when they find Bod. They introduce themselves as “most important folk” and Bod tells them how no one cares about him.
Bod’s unwillingness to pay attention to Miss Lupescu’s lessons may have major consequences—while he saw the gravestone as something that mirrors his emotions, it’s actually something that may be dangerous. And given that Miss Lupescu previously wanted Bod to know why he should avoid ghouls, it seems likely that the ghouls are dangerous beings to avoid.
Themes
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Life and Death Theme Icon
Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
Bod asks to accompany the ghouls to wherever they’re going, especially once they mention that the food is amazing there. The ghouls agree. Despite being only a little bigger than Bod, the ghouls lift him, open the ghoul-gate, and toss Bod into the darkness. Bod hasn’t experienced total darkness in years, since he sees as ghosts do. He’s terrified, but excited too. Bod and the ghouls emerge from a high wall with tombstones jutting out everywhere. The sky is a nasty red, while the sun is small and gives no heat. Bod looks around as the ghouls toss him amongst themselves and descend the wall. Suddenly, two more ghouls emerge from a grave and approach Bod’s new friends.
That Bod can’t see in the darkness of the ghoul-gate suggests that wherever he is now, the Freedom of the Graveyard doesn’t protect him. In this sense, Bod is totally alone, without anyone to care for him. This foray through the ghoul-gate, then, will test whether Bod is ready to tackle life on his own yet. His willingness to follow the ghouls implies he thinks he is, while his willingness to trust nefarious ghouls calls his maturity into question.
Themes
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Bod’s new friends introduce him to the Emperor of China and the 33rd President of the United States. The Bishop of Bath and Wells explains to the newcomers that Bod is going to become one of them, and the ghouls explain what that means. Bod will have strong teeth, a tongue capable of flaying flesh, and he will be free and dangerous. When Bod asks what happens if he doesn’t want to become a ghoul, the ghouls insist that Bod wants to join them. Then, they see a group of ghouls bounding down the path below. The ghouls toss Bod around as they race to join their fellows. When they reach a barren plain with a road running through it, Bod catches sight of the city of Ghûlheim. The city looks like “a huge mouth of jutting teeth.”
For as much as Bod wants to escape Miss Lupescu, becoming a ghoul wasn’t what he had in mind. He still likes who he is and where he lives, and he’s invested in his life as Nobody Owens. Becoming a ghoul would represent giving up on that identity and creating a new one amongst an entirely new community. And for that matter, the ghouls don’t act like good friends, as they don’t listen to Bod when he voices his discomfort, and Ghûlheim looks far from inviting.
Themes
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The ghouls lift Bod and still tossing him between them, lope toward the city. Bod feels stupid and sick. When he catches sight of night-gaunts—huge winged beasts—Bod makes the cry like Miss Lupescu taught him. A night-gaunt starts to descend, but the ghouls shush Bod. As the night-gaunt returns to the sky, Bod’s hope disappears. The sun sets and two moons rise. One moon looks like moldy cheese, but the ghouls seem excited to see it. They stop, start a fire, and tell stories about how great it is to be a ghoul. The ghouls ignore Bod’s request to go home. When they hear a howl in the distance, the ghouls are terrified and fall silent for a bit. After a while, they resume singing and assure Bod that becoming a ghoul is great and that he won’t remember where he came from.
Bod discovers that Miss Lupescu wasn’t teaching him useless information—he is, after all, in need of help from a night-gaunt. As Bod recognizes that Miss Lupescu’s lessons were purposeful, it’s possible he’ll begin to change how he thinks about her. He may be able to see that despite her strictness and unappetizing food, she still had his best interests at heart. The ghouls, meanwhile, don’t care about what Bod wants.
Themes
Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
Bod falls asleep for several hours. When he wakes up, the ghouls are arguing: several of the ghouls in their group have disappeared without a trace. The ghouls pick Bod up and resume their run to Ghûlheim. To Bod, it seems like they’re running from something. At midday, the ghouls stop. As night-gaunts circle overhead, the ghouls argue. Some believe the disappearance of their friends is concerning. They arm themselves with pebbles as another howl booms over the plain. The ghouls agree that they heard nothing and then begin the climb up to Ghûlheim. When night-gaunts circle, the famous writer Victor Hugo throws Bod in a sack over his shoulder.
Because Bod is a child without his guardians and is in a strange land, he doesn’t have much or any power to push back against the ghouls. Indeed, he’s so powerless that they put him in a sack—thereby taking away his ability to even see what’s going on. However, since Bod does know how to call for help in the language of the night-gaunts, it’s possible he has more of a community right now than he realizes. The circling night-gaunts seem to at least make the ghouls nervous, which is hopeful for Bod.
Themes
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While the ghouls race up the rocks, Bod finds a screw inside the bag he’s trapped in and digs at the fabric. He hears another howl and realizes that whatever is howling might be even worse than the ghouls. Bod figures that if he dies, he’ll at least die knowing who he is and where he came from. When the hole is big enough for Bod to see through, he looks down at the desert floor. Now, it’s several hundred feet below him. The cliff face has giant-size steps cut into it, and Bod decides he’ll have to risk a long fall. Then, Bod notices a huge gray monster chasing after them. Sharp teeth bite the bag until Bod tumbles out and lands between a wolf’s paws. The wolf is huge, with red eyes. The ghouls abandon Bod and continue toward Ghûlheim.
Describing the steps as “giant-sized” may reflect Bod’s childish perspective—or it may suggest that no human belongs on the steps of Ghûlheim. Bod decides to accept his death because it’ll mean that he won’t have to become a ghoul and instead can retain who he is and remember where he came from (the graveyard) up until his final moments. If he were to become a ghoul, he’d lose all of that. In this moment, then, Bod decides that his family and his home are more important to him than anything else.
Themes
Community, Identity, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Life and Death Theme Icon
Bod vows to get home, so he leaps down to the next step. He lands on his ankle, twists it, and falls off the cliff. He hears the wolf, in Miss Lupescu’s voice, say, “Oh, Bod!” Bod is terrified. Something grabs him and begins to rise. Bod sees that a night-gaunt rescued him. He says “help” and the night-gaunt hoots in response. As they land, Miss Lupescu races for them and informs Bod that this is the third time the night-gaunts have saved his life since he left. The night-gaunt helps Bod onto Miss Lupescu’s back and chuckles when Bod attempts the screech that means both “thank you” and “goodbye.” Miss Lupescu begins to run. She explains that she’s a Hound of God, so she has her own path out of Hell.
Bod doesn’t realize that Miss Lupescu is right in front of him until it’s too late. While it’s impossible to fault Bod for this too much (especially since Miss Lupescu didn’t tell Bod that she’s a Hound of God), this suggests that at times, Bod does let his fear get the better of him and cloud his judgment. Learning the language of the night-gaunts helps Bod form connections with others who now make up his community—if he ever returns to Hell, he’ll have someone to look after him.
Themes
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Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
When they reach the boundary between Hell and Earth, Bod looks up at the stars. Miss Lupescu offers to teach him their names as they resume their journey. Moments later, Bod is in Miss Lupescu’s arms and Mrs. Owens takes Bod from Miss Lupescu. The next day, Bod limps up the hill and retrieves Miss Lupescu’s last list of facts to memorize. The first item on it is “The Hounds of God.” The explanation reads that while men refer to these creatures as werewolves, the creatures refer to themselves as the Hounds of God. They believe their transformation is a gift from God and will pursue villains to Hell’s gates.
After Bod’s foray into Hell, he now knows that Miss Lupescu isn’t teaching him useless facts just to bore and punish him. She’s teaching him things that apply to his life and will help him in the future. As Bod learns this, he comes to respect Miss Lupescu more. He knows now that while she’s different from him and definitely different from Silas, she’s not against Bod—if he lets her, she’ll become part of his community.
Themes
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Good, Evil, and Assumptions Theme Icon
Silas returns at the end of the month with a stiff right arm and a model of the Golden Gate Bridge for Bod. Bod tells Silas he learned a lot and points out several constellations. Both Silas and Miss Lupescu say that they learned things as well. Miss Lupescu suggests she might come back next summer to instruct Bod again. Silas raises an eyebrow at Bod, but Bod says he’d like that.
While Bod clearly learned a lot from his substitute guardian, it’s telling that Miss Lupescu openly admits that she learned things as well. This shows Bod that his quest for knowledge will never be over, no matter how old or mature he gets—there’s always something to learn.
Themes
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Parents and Guardians Theme Icon