LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Loneliness and Isolation
Communication and Self-Expression
Racism, Inequality, and Injustice
The Individual vs. Society
The American South
Summary
Analysis
After Christmas, the coldest winter the town has seen in years descends. In spite of the weather, Singer resumes his long walks through town each evening, and on these walks, he traverses all kinds of neighborhoods, catching glimpses of all walks of life. As the weeks go by, Singer becomes well-known by all kinds of people throughout town—but because of his mysterious nature, different groups of people start different rumors about him. The Jewish residents claim he’s Jewish, while the rich townspeople claim he’s secretly rich. One Turkish man believes that Singer understands the language he speaks and must be Turkish himself.
Singer is so pleasant, gentle, and kind that each person in town wants to claim that he is just like them. This passage further explores the ways in which everyone in town claims to love and care for Singer—even as no one really understands or supports him, or makes any effort to see him as more than a cipher.
Active
Themes
Singer thinks often of Antonapoulos. One particular memory recurs often. Singer remembers when he and Antonapoulos tried to befriend another mute man, a mill worker named Carl. One evening, when Singer and Antonapoulos invited Carl to their rooms for dinner, the night took a dark turn when Antonapoulos suddenly and inexplicably began glaring and gesturing obscenities at Carl, scaring the timid young man away. After Carl left, Antonapoulos explained that he believed Carl had drunk all their gin—Singer had to remind Antonapoulos that he himself had been responsible for draining the bottle.
Even though Singer has plenty of awful memories where Antonapoulos is concerned—and seems to recognize that in preserving his friendship with Antonapoulos, he got in the way of his own burgeoning connections with other people like him—he still misses his friend, and the feeling of being known, very deeply.
Active
Themes
As more and more “ugly memories” of Antonapoulos surface, Singer struggles to cling to his own happy remembrances of his friend. Sometimes, Singer finds himself thinking of Antonapoulos so often that he believes he can see the man sitting in the chair in the corner of his room in the middle of the night.
Just as Biff comforts himself with even his most unpleasant memories of Alice, Singer misses Antonapoulos so much that indeed even his worst memories of the man serve as a kind of balm against his loneliness. In passages like this one, McCullers suggests that any human connection—even conflict—is better than no human connection.
Active
Themes
Singer is also bewildered by the four individuals who have now been coming to his room to talk to him for more than seven months—Doctor Copeland, Mick, Jake Blount, and Biff Brannon. Of the four of them, the quiet Biff is the only one who asks Singer himself questions. Though their presence sometimes tires Singer, he misses Antonapoulos so much that he feels it’s better to have a company than be alone. Singer has no one, now, who understands him when he talks with his hands. As a result his hands have grown restless, and he often wakes in the night to find them moving of their own accord, forming words no one can see or comprehend.
Singer is lonely and isolated in spite of his many visitors. He can’t communicate with any of them equally or authentically, and this fact is beginning to wear on him both physically and emotionally. He feels some company is better than no company—but with each visit he's reminded of just how isolated he truly is, even with the constant stream of “friends” he has coming through the door.
Active
Themes
Get the entire The Heart is a Lonely Hunter LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
One evening, on one of his walks, Singer goes by the house where he and Antonapoulos once rented their rooms. He watches the new tenants move about the apartment through the window—a family consisting of a man, a woman, and a young child. Signer feels an “emptiness” within him and begins the walk back to the boarding house. The streets are bustling with people full of holiday cheer, and yet Singer feels profoundly alone.
Singer clearly longs for the kind of closeness, togetherness, and understanding he had—or at least believes he had—with Antonapoulos. He doesn’t feel fulfilled, supported, or truly loved by his visitors—he perhaps even feels used.
Active
Themes
One night, soon after Christmas, all four of Singer’s visitors arrive to call upon him at the same time—it is the first time they’ve all met. Singer tries to entertain all four of his guests at once, but the atmosphere in the room is awkward and uncomfortable. Copeland, Mick, Blount, and Brannon are stony and silent—an oddity, considering how on their own they each have so much to say. Slowly, the four begin making stiff conversation as Singer watches quietly. Singer begins to sense that each is waiting for the other three to leave, but no one budges until, amazingly, all four stand to go at the same time.
This slightly comic scene shows that while each of Singer’s four visitors longs for company and connection, they are all afraid of actually communicating with other people. They only want to talk to Singer—a man who reflects their own words back to them, serving as a sounding board for their fears and anxieties instead of responding to or even challenging them. Actually communicating with another person, this scene shows, is too much for each of them.
Active
Themes
That night, confused and amused by the goings-on in his room, Singer decides to write to Antonapoulos at the asylum. Even though he knows that Antonapoulos is illiterate, he has been writing him letters regularly over the course of the last several months—though he can never bring himself to actually mail them.
The revelation that Singer writes letters to Antonapoulos—even though they go unsent—shows just how lonely and desperate for equal communication he is. Though his visitors get comfort and relief from talking to him, it’s abundantly clear now that he doesn’t get the same feeling from talking to them. Writing to Antonapoulos—who can’t respond—actually puts Singer in a position similar to the one that his own visitors are in when they come to see him, and perhaps it gives him some of the same (somewhat selfish) satisfaction.
Active
Themes
After his guests depart, Singer goes to the jewelry shop where he works to write in silence. He composes a letter to Antonapoulos full of reminiscences and sad, lonely details of his daily life. He also describes, in detail, his four strange companions. He relays their quirks, oddities, and problems to Antonapoulos, lamenting the loneliness and restlessness all four of them share. Singer closes his letter by writing to Antonapoulos: “The way I need you is a loneliness I cannot bear. […] I am not meant to be alone and without you who understand.”
Singer’s letters to Antonapoulos are much like Mick’s music she composes in her “inside room.” Both the songs and the letters are, ostensibly, for others—and yet really they’re both ways for Mick and Singer, respectively, to confront their own loneliness.
Active
Themes
Singer writes until the wee hours of the morning and returns to the boarding house in the middle of the night. In his dreams, he has disturbing visions of Antonapoulos, Mick, Doctor Copeland, Blount, and Brannon naked and kneeling all around him.
Singer’s dream seems to reflect his anxiety about playing the role of the only person in the world who understands his visitors—while at the same time feeling disconnected from the only person in the world who understands him.
Active
Themes
In the morning, perturbed by the dream, Singer decides to visit Antonapoulos. He brings with him a present he’s ordered specially in the mail for Antonapoulos—a moving-picture machine that he hopes will brighten his friend’s days. When Singer arrives at the asylum, however, he finds that Antonapoulos is not there. He writes a note to an orderly asking where Antonapoulos is, and when she says she doesn’t know, he begins to panic. Eventually, Singer finds a nurse who informs him that Antonapoulos has come down with nephritis and has been transferred to the infirmary. Another nurse offers to lead Singer to his friend.
This passage—and Singer’s abject fear at the prospect of losing his friend—foreshadows events that will transpire later in the novel. It also demonstrates just how heavily Singer relies on Antonapoulos, or at least the idea of Antonapoulos. Even though he’s miles away from his friend at any given time, the idea that Antonapoulos is still there gives him strength.
Active
Themes
In the infirmary, Singer finds Antonapoulos in bed, looking bloated and pale. Singer sits by his friend’s bedside and begins talking to him, detailing all that’s happened to him since their last visit. The more Singer talks, the better he feels—even though Antonapoulos barely reacts to Singer’s stories. Singer excitedly gives Antonapoulos his gift—but Antonapoulos is more interested in his hospital dinner than the present. Singer sets up the projector with the help of a nurse, but Antonapoulos is, again, uninterested in the cartoons the machine plays.
In this passage, Singer experiences a bit of what it must be like for his own visitors to talk to him. He speaks desperately to Antonapoulos but receives barely any response. Singer is not discouraged, however—in fact, the lack of response encourages him to try even harder to connect with Antonapoulos and win his love and favor. This scene shows that Singer’s approach to Antonapoulos is different from the other characters’ attitude toward Singer because Singer at least tries to engage his friend—even if the attempts fail.
Active
Themes
After the cartoons are over, Singer talks to Antonapoulos a while longer. He knows visiting hours will soon be over, but he is determined to express all he can before he’s asked to leave. When at last an orderly tells Singer it’s time to go, Singer grasps Antonapoulos’s arm and gives him a meaningful look, but Antonapoulos seems far away.
Singer continues to try desperately to get through to Antonapoulos—but Antonapoulos, cold and disconnected to begin with, has drifted even further from Singer during his time in the infirmary.
Active
Themes
Singer returns to town and resumes his late-night walks as January continues on. The rumors about him steadily grow more and more fantastical and diverse—each person in town describes Singer as they imagine or want him to be.
This passage encapsulates the way that the characters within the novel treat Singer. They see him as a reflection of themselves, taking advantage of his silence and patience as they make him into a living mirror of their own concerns.