The Overstory

by

Richard Powers

Olivia Vandergriff/Maidenhair

Olivia is one of The Overstory’s nine protagonists. At the start of the novel, she is an immature and reckless young woman from a privileged background, studying Actuarial Science at an unnamed Eastern college… read analysis of Olivia Vandergriff/Maidenhair

Nicholas Hoel/Watchman

Nicholas Hoel is a creative and solitary young man from Iowa, a descendent of immigrants from Norway and Ireland. The latest of a long line of Hoels, Nick breaks from his family’s farming roots and… read analysis of Nicholas Hoel/Watchman

Mimi Ma/Mulberry

Another of the novel’s protagonists, Mimi Ma is the daughter of Winston Ma, a Chinese immigrant to the U.S., and Charlotte, a Southern white woman. The oldest of three sisters, Mimi is raised… read analysis of Mimi Ma/Mulberry

Adam Appich/Maple

Adam Appich is a psychologist originally from Belleville, Illinois, and is another of the novel’s protagonists. Growing up in a dysfunctional family—Adam’s father was abusive and his older sister Leigh disappeared when Adam was… read analysis of Adam Appich/Maple

Douglas “Douggie” Pavlicek/Doug-fir

An Air Force vet from Palo Alto, Douglas or “Douggie” Pavlicek is another protagonist of The Overstory. Generally leading an aimless existence, Douggie is first introduced as a participant in the Stanford Prison Experiment… read analysis of Douglas “Douggie” Pavlicek/Doug-fir
Get the entire The Overstory LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Overstory PDF

Dr. Patricia “Patty” Westerford

Patricia Westerford is a dendrologist (a scientist who studies trees) originally from Kentucky. She is born deaf or hard-of-hearing and is given hearing aids at a young age, but she retains a speech disorder of… read analysis of Dr. Patricia “Patty” Westerford

Neelay Mehta

A child of Indian immigrants, Neelay is a coding genius who creates a series of world-building computer games called Mastery. Neelay grows up in the Silicon Valley and quickly becomes fascinated with computers and… read analysis of Neelay Mehta

Dorothy Cazaly Brinkman

Dorothy Brinkman (née Cazaly) is a stenographer from St. Paul, Minnesota. After a tempestuous courtship, she marries Ray Brinkman in the 1970s, and the two build a life together. Dorothy is fickle and independent, very… read analysis of Dorothy Cazaly Brinkman

Ray Brinkman

The ninth protagonist of The Overstory, Ray Brinkman is an intellectual property lawyer from St. Paul, Minnesota. He marries Dorothy Cazaly in the 1970s, and the two make a life together. Ray is an… read analysis of Ray Brinkman

Ma Sih Hsuin/Winston Ma

Ma Sih Hsuin, who becomes Winston Ma when he moves to America, is Mimi Ma’s father. A brilliant electrical engineer, he immigrates to the U.S. to study, and also because his father Shouying insists… read analysis of Ma Sih Hsuin/Winston Ma

Babul Mehta/Pita

Babul Mehta is Neelay’s father. Originally from the Gujarat state in India, he immigrates to the U.S. with a degree in solid state physics. He then begins working for an early computing company, developing… read analysis of Babul Mehta/Pita

Dennis Ward

Dennis is Patricia’s husband, and the station manager at Dreier Research Station. When Patricia first joins the station, Dennis, who is around 10 years older than she is, starts bringing her little gifts whenever… read analysis of Dennis Ward

Jørgen Hoel

Jørgen is a Norwegian immigrant to the U.S. in the mid-1850s, and Nick Hoel’s ancestor. Jørgen marries Vi Powys in Brooklyn and moves West to Iowa, where they start a family and farm. Jørgen… read analysis of Jørgen Hoel

John Hoel

John Hoel is Jørgen and Vi’s oldest son. As a child, he accidentally kills one of their chestnut saplings when he strips off its leaves to use as play money. As an adult, John… read analysis of John Hoel

Frank Hoel Jr.

Frank Jr. is the grandson of John Hoel, and is Nick Hoel’s grandfather. He is entrusted with the task of photographing the Hoel chestnut tree when he is only nine years old and… read analysis of Frank Hoel Jr.

Ma Shouying

Ma Shouying is Winston Ma’s father and Mimi Ma’s grandfather, though she never meets him. A Chinese Muslim living in Shanghai, Shouying becomes a wealthy and powerful man through the silk business. He… read analysis of Ma Shouying

Charlotte Ma

Charlotte is Winston Ma’s wife and the mother of Mimi, Carmen, and Amelia. She is a white American woman who is a “scion of a fallen southern planting family” from Virginia… read analysis of Charlotte Ma

Leigh Appich

Leigh is Adam Appich’s eldest sibling. The tree that her parents planted for her is an elm, which eventually dies of the Dutch elm disease. Leigh herself hardly notices, and also tries to get… read analysis of Leigh Appich

Jean Appich

Jean is Adam Appich’s older sister and the sibling he is closest with. She looks out for him and protects him from Emmett, calling him “Dammie” and interpreting his moods for those who… read analysis of Jean Appich

Rubin Rabinowski

Rubin Rabinowski is a psychology professor at Fortuna College and author of the book The Ape Inside Us, which inspires the young Adam Appich to study psychology. Years later as Adam’s professor, Rabinowski dies… read analysis of Rubin Rabinowski

Ms. Gilpin

Ms. Gilpin is Neelay Mehta’s middle-school American Literature teacher. When she catches him working on computer coding in her class, she takes his notebook and tries to shame him for not appreciating literature more… read analysis of Ms. Gilpin

Bill Westerford

Bill Westerford is Patricia’s father. The two are extremely close growing up, and Bill passes on to Patricia his love of trees and all growing things. Bill works as an agricultural extension agent, and… read analysis of Bill Westerford

Henry Fallows

Henry Fallows is the senior scientist at the Dreier Research Station in the Cascades. Along with his research partner, Jason, he meets Patricia in the forest one day and is the first person to recognize… read analysis of Henry Fallows

Moses

Moses is an older man who is a part of the Life Defense Force and introduces Nick and Olivia to the group. He favors using more extreme tactics like sabotaging property in the fight against… read analysis of Moses

Mother N

Mother N is a leading figure in the Life Defense Force, and she is usually the woman holding the megaphone during their meetings and protests. She advocates for entirely non-violent activism in the fight against… read analysis of Mother N

Alan

Alan is Dorothy’s boyfriend after Ray’s brain aneurysm. He builds wooden instruments and seems to love Dorothy, but he finally decides that he can’t handle sharing her with Ray and decides to end… read analysis of Alan

Lois

Lois is Adam’s wife and the mother of their son, Charlie. A fierce and driven woman, she first assumes that Adam is innocent of the crimes he’s accused of and pours all her… read analysis of Lois
Minor Characters
Vi Powys
Vi is an Irish immigrant who marries Jørgen Hoel and moves to Iowa with him. Together they start a large family.
Eric Hoel
Eric is Frank Jr.’s son and Nick Hoel’s father. He maintains the project of photographing the Hoel chestnut tree every month. Eric dies in the family home on Christmas Eve, killed by an accumulation of toxic gas from the old propane heater along with his wife and mother.
Carmen Ma
Carmen is Mimi Ma’s younger sister, the middle child of the three Ma daughters. She grows up to study economics at Yale. Carmen and Mimi have a somewhat combative relationship, with Carmen seeming to resent her sister’s pragmatic engineering approach to life.
Amelia Ma
Amelia is Mimi Ma’s sister and the youngest of the three Ma daughters. She eventually gets a job in Colorado taking care of wounded wildlife. Amelia is much more patient and accommodating than her two sisters, and usually ends up acting as a peacekeeper between them.
Emmett Appich
Emmett is Adam Appich’s older brother. He is generally presented as a bully, and his tree is the ironwood. Emmett bullies Adam as a child, and in adulthood steals his inheritance from him.
Charles Appich
Charles is Adam Appich’s younger brother, and the youngest Appich sibling. The tree that Leonard picks for him is the black walnut. Charles dies at some point during Adam’s adulthood.
Leonard Appich/Adam’s Father
Leonard Appich is Adam Appich’s father. He is an abusive and aggressive man who over the years breaks Adam’s wrist and his own wife’s elbow. Leonard starts the tradition of planting a tree for each of his children, beginning with Leigh “in a fit of fifties optimism.”
Adam’s Mother
Adam Appich’s mother is unnamed in the novel. She generally doesn’t seem to understand Adam, and she’s implied to be an alcoholic and later addicted to codeine after her daughter Leigh’s death.
Ritu Mehta/Moti
Ritu Mehta is Neelay’s mother, whom he calls “Moti.” She loves Neelay deeply, though she doesn’t understand his coding work. Ritu is presented as a traditional Indian woman who later becomes very concerned with finding a wife for Neelay.
Patricia’s Mother
Patricia’s mother is unnamed in the novel, and she is not nearly as close with Patricia as Bill is. After Bill’s death, Patricia’s mother remarries.
Davy
Davy is Olivia’s husband in college. He first introduces her to drugs, and their relationship consists mostly of getting high, having sex, and fighting. Olivia finalizes her divorce with Davy on the day that she is electrocuted.
Olivia’s Father
Olivia’s father is unnamed in the novel. He is implied to be a wealthy and conservative man, and his relationship with Olivia is a tempestuous one.
Blackbeard
Blackbeard is a member of the Life Defense Force who goes out on raids to sabotage logging equipment.
Chris
Chris is a reporter who calls Neelay for an interview. He admits that he is obsessed with playing Mastery and questions Neelay about the game and his personal life. Neelay feels attracted to Chris, but he must settle for knowing that the code he wrote has changed Chris’s brain.
Professor Mieke Van Dijk
Professor Van Dijk is Adam’s advisor at graduate school. He is very attracted to her and tries to flirt with her during their meetings. She is the impetus for Adam beginning his study researching the psychological profiles of environmental activists.
Loki
Loki is a member of the Life Defense Force who first brings Nick and Olivia to Mimas, and sometimes brings them supplies as their stay lengthens. He also sneaks Adam in when he, too, ascends the tree.
The Judge
An unnamed judge presides over a case in which Patricia is called as an expert witness. The judge reminds Patricia of her father, Bill, and he seems genuinely interested in what she has to say about trees.
Buzzard
Buzzard is one of the activist camped out in Mimas before being replaced by Nick and Olivia.
Sparks
Sparks is the other activist camped out in Mimas before being replaced by Nick and Olivia.
Sheriff Sanders
Sheriff Sanders is the policeman overseeing the response to the Life Defense Force’s action in the logging company’s headquarters building. He orders his officers to wipe pepper spray into the eyes of the protesters—including Douglas and Mimi—when they refuse to move.
Brendan Smith
Brendan Smith is a man whom Mimi’s company hired to make sure she leaves peacefully after she is fired. Mimi is offended by his presence.
Mr. Siang
Mr. Siang is an art appraiser who buys the arhat scroll from Mimi. First he tries to undersell her, but she is quickly able to see through him and make a large amount of money from the deal.
Elizeu
Elizeu is a rubber tapper in Brazil and one of Patricia’s guides on her trip to the Amazon.
Elvis Antônio
Elvis Antônio is a rubber tapper in Brazil and one of Patricia’s guides on her trip to the Amazon.
Stephanie N.
Stephanie is one of Mimi’s clients at her therapy practice in San Francisco. She feels herself deeply changed by Mimi’s gaze, and tries to remember all that she learned after leaving the office and returning to the outside world.
Kaltov
Kaltov is one of Neelay’s top five project managers at Sempervirens. He votes against Neelay’s idea for a new, nature-based game.
Rasha
Rasha is one of Neelay’s top five project managers at Sempervirens. He votes against Neelay’s idea for a new, nature-based game.
Robinson
Robinson is one of Neelay’s top five project managers at Sempervirens. He votes against Neelay’s idea for a new, nature-based game.
Nguyen
Nguyen is one of Neelay’s top five project managers at Sempervirens. He votes against Neelay’s idea for a new, nature-based game.
Boehm
Boehm is one of Neelay’s top five project managers at Sempervirens. He votes against Neelay’s idea for a new, nature-based game.
Alena
Alena is a young Eastern-European woman backpacking through America. She meets Douglas and first tries to seduce him, but she then accepts his offer of his room for the night. She finds his journal, reads it, and later reports Douglas to the police.
Charlie
Charlie is Adam and Lois’s young son. A very practical and seemingly uncreative boy, he wants to be a banker when he grows up. Because of this, Adam feels disconnected from Charlie, but he still loves his son and wants to better understand him.
The Man in the Red Plaid Coat
An unnamed Native American man in a red plaid coat helps Nick with his last sculpture: the word “STILL” made from fallen logs and designed to be seen from space. The man represents the healthy and symbiotic relationship with nature that Powers advocates for.