The Poppy War

by

R. F. Kuang

Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) Character Analysis

Master Jiang, the Lore master, appears to be an eccentric and questionably sane old man who uses drugs and neglects his duties to teach his students. However, the novel ultimately reveals that Jiang is the historical Gatekeeper—the member of the Trifecta tasked with guarding the “menagerie of the gods”—and that he’s not actually human at all. As Rin’s master, Jiang proposes that it should be enough to learn about the gods and discover one’s place in the universe. In his understanding, it’s inappropriate to try to militarize one’s spirituality, or to call on gods for anything other than knowledge and understanding—or even to prioritize efficiently training soldiers to fight over imparting a deep understanding of how to fight in prospective soldiers. He takes major offense to Rin’s desire to be a “good soldier.” Jiang opens a rip in the universe, allowing something through, during the Federation’s attack on Sinegard. Though this saves Rin and several of her classmates, Jiang regrets his actions and self-immures in the Chuluu Korikh, believing that this will keep others safe. When Altan and Rin attempt to break him out, he calls them out for being foolish and for trying to misuse their connection to the gods, entities he insists they have no hope of ever controlling.

Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) Quotes in The Poppy War

The The Poppy War quotes below are all either spoken by Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) or refer to Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper). For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
).
Chapter 6 Quotes

“Sinegard likes to collect the Warlords’ broods as much as it can. Keeps them under the Empire’s careful watch.”

“What for?” she asked.

“Leverage. Indoctrination. This generation of Warlords hate each other too much to coordinate on anything of national importance, and the imperial bureaucracy has too little local authority to force them. Just look at the state of the Imperial Navy.”

“We have a navy?” Rin asked.

“Exactly.” Jiang snorted. “We used to. Anyhow, Daji’s hoping that Sinegard will forge a generation of leaders who like each other—and better, who will obey the throne.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Empress Su Daji (The Vipress)
Page Number: 117
Explanation and Analysis:

“And so modern martial arts were developed: a system based on human biomechanics rather than the movements of animals. The enormous variety of techniques, some of which were only marginally useful to a soldier, were distilled into an essential core of forms that could be taught to a soldier in five years rather than fifty. This is the basis of what you are taught at Sinegard. This is the common core that is taught to the Imperial Militia. This is what your classmates are learning.” He grinned. “I am showing you how to beat it.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Master Jun
Page Number: 125
Explanation and Analysis:

Oink? Sunzi looked imploringly at Rin.

“Don’t look at me,” Rin said. “It’s the end of the road for you.”

She couldn’t help but feel a stab of guilt; the longer she looked at Sunzi, the more she was reminded of its piglet form. She tore her eyes away from its dull, naive gaze and headed back up the mountain.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), The Widow Maung
Page Number: 128
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 7 Quotes

“I asked Jima to let me train him. But the Empress intervened. She knew the military value of a Speerly warrior, she was so excited...in the end, national interests superseded the sanity of one boy. They put him under Irjah’s tutelage, and honed his rage like a weapon instead of teaching him to control it. You’ve seen him in the ring. You know what he’s like.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin, Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Master Jima
Page Number: 156
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9 Quotes

“You’ve seen what poppy does to the common man. And given what you know of addiction, your conclusions are reasonable. Opium makes wise men stupid. It destroys local economies and weakens entire countries.”

He weighed another handful of poppy seeds in his palm. “But something so destructive inherently and simultaneously has marvelous potential. The poppy flower, more than anything, displays the duality of hallucinogens. You know poppy by three names. In its most common form, as opium nuggets smoked from a pipe, poppy makes you useless. It numbs you and closes you off to the world. Then there is the madly addictive heroin, which is extracted as a powder from the sap of the flower. But the seeds? These seeds are a shaman’s dream. These seeds, used with the proper mental preparation, give you access to the entire universe contained within your mind.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), Altan Trengsin
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 192-193
Explanation and Analysis:

“You must conflate these concepts. The god outside you. The god within. Once you understand that these are one and the same, once you can hold both concepts in your head and know them to be true, you’ll be a shaman.”

Related Characters: Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) (speaker), Rin (Fang Runin), The Phoenix
Related Symbols: Opium
Page Number: 194
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 15 Quotes

She felt so utterly, entirely useless. Even if she could call the Phoenix then, summoning fire now would not save this man from dying.

Because all the Cike knew how to do was destroy. For all their powers, for all their gods, they couldn’t protect their people. Couldn’t reverse time. Couldn’t bring back the dead.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin
Page Number: 334
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 18 Quotes

“Altan is perhaps the most powerful martial artist in Nikan right now. Maybe the world,” said Chaghan. “But for all that, most of his life he was just good at following orders. Tyr’s death was a shock to us. Altan wasn’t ready to take over. Command is difficult for him. He doesn’t know how to make peace with the Warlords. He’s overextended. He’s trying to fight an entire war with a squad of ten. And he’s going to lose.”

“You don’t think we can hold Khurdalain?”

“I think we were never meant to hold Khurdalain,” said Chaghan. “I think Khurdalain was a sacrifice for time paid in blood. Altan is going to lose because Khurdalain is not winnable, and when he does, it’s going to break him.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Chaghan (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin, Empress Su Daji (The Vipress), Tyr
Page Number: 377-378
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 20 Quotes

“That boy is beyond redemption,” said the Woman. “That boy is broken like the rest. But you, you are still pure. You can still be saved.”

“I don’t want to be saved!” Rin shrieked. “I want power! I want Altan’s power! I want to be the most powerful shaman there ever was, so that there is no one I can’t save!”

“That power can burn down the world,” the woman said sadly. “That power will destroy everything you’ve ever loved. You will defeat your enemy, and the victory will turn to ashes in your mouth.”

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), Mai’rinnen Tearza (The Woman) (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper), Altan Trengsin, Kitay, Chaghan, The Phoenix
Page Number: 390
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 25 Quotes

Rin forced the last parts of what was human out of her soul and gave way to her hatred. Hating was so easy. It filled a hole inside her. It let her feel something again. It felt so good.

“Total victory,” she said. “It’s what you want, isn’t it?”

“What I want?” The Phoenix sounded amused. “The gods do not want anything. The gods merely exist. We cannot help what we are; we are pure essence, pure element. You humans inflict everything on yourselves, and then blame us afterward. Every calamity has been man-made. We do not force you to do anything. We have only ever helped.”

“This is my destiny,” Rin said with conviction. “I’m the last Speerly. I have to do this. It is written.”

“Nothing is written,” said the Phoenix.

Related Characters: Rin (Fang Runin) (speaker), The Phoenix (speaker), Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper)
Page Number: 501
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire The Poppy War LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Poppy War PDF

Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) Character Timeline in The Poppy War

The timeline below shows where the character Master Jiang (the Gatekeeper) appears in The Poppy War. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 3
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...Trifecta were three soldiers, the Vipress (who’s the current Empress), the Dragon Emperor, and the Gatekeeper, whose martial arts abilities have been highly exaggerated in the last few decades. (full context)
Chapter 4
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...despite the cold. One day, as Jun prepares to teach students to wield staffs, Master Jiang appears overhead, pruning the mimosa tree. He’s singing a lewd song and refuses to leave... (full context)
Chapter 6
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...with the first snowfall. This leads most students to stop waiting in the garden for Jiang to show up and teach them Lore; the master hasn’t attended any classes. Rin keeps... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Rin shares that Jun expelled her and why, which seems to impress Jiang. She realizes he’s laughing at her for trying to learn the moves in her book—he... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Raban continues, explaining how nobody knows who Jiang is because nobody pledges Lore and gets to know him. The subject is a joke;... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
To Rin’s shock, Jiang is waiting for her at the gates the next day. As he begins to lead... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
Widow Maung rolls her eyes but plays along as Jiang explains that to help Widow Maung, Rin must carry a piglet named Sunzi up the... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
One afternoon, Jiang takes Rin to the Academy’s top tier, to what used to be a temple. The... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Jiang teaches Rin fundamentals, and then they begin sparring daily for hours at a time. Rin... (full context)
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
Soon after, Jiang and Rin sit under a tree, and he tells Rin to rest today—and pledge Lore.... (full context)
Chapter 7
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Jiang doesn’t show up for class again, and he runs from Rin if she tries to... (full context)
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
...have a supremely awkward conversation in which they discuss training alone in the garden and Jiang’s unusual teaching methods. Rin privately wonders if Altan is still upset that Jiang withdrew his... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...but Rin has delved into historical records and doesn’t believe his unit could’ve been there. Jiang comes to Rin’s rescue, brushing the question off as “pretty old.” He then asks Rin... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...her that wants to destroy everything and everyone. She runs from the rings and finds Jiang in the Lore garden. Suddenly feeling like she must attack him, she rushes him. He’s... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
When Rin wakes up in the infirmary later, Jiang is by her bedside. With no enthusiasm, he tells her she won the Tournament and... (full context)
Chapter 8
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...a shadow puppet show. The story describes how the Trifecta—the Warrior, the Vipress, and the Gatekeeper—saved Nikan about 40 years ago. It describes the Trifecta, as children, coming from humble origins,... (full context)
Chapter 9
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
...begin the next day. She spends mornings learning from the other masters and afternoons with Jiang. To begin, he asks her what Lore even is. Rin has no idea; she suggests... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
Jiang’s teaching methods are unorthodox. He does things like make Rin live nocturnally and catch minnows... (full context)
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
One spring day, Jiang takes Rin hiking in the mountains and then announces a lesson on plants—he’s going to... (full context)
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
Rin, however, is confused, as Jiang says that drugs can help her access the universe “contained within [her] mind,” suggesting that... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Jiang refuses to let Rin meditate with hallucinogens, stating that she isn’t ready yet. Even after... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...can fight in the ring, and with Altan graduated now, Nezha becomes the reigning champion. Jiang forbids Rin from fighting, but Rin attends as a spectator regularly. Slowly, the infighting among... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
Jiang seems to be the only person who isn’t interested in the crisis; he seems frail... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Rin opens her eyes to Jiang, who asks what she saw. She describes the circular room she saw in her final... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...where her power came from, she just has to learn how to harness it. But Jiang says that Rin is “cured” and can avoid ever becoming unbalanced and calling the fire... (full context)
Chapter 10
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...of the Bizarre Children, tells Altan Trengsin that Altan will command the Cike now. The Gatekeeper feels it; though he’s mostly forgotten who he is, he’ll never forget “the stain of... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
...insists they still have to win. Masters are constantly busy, though Rin manages to catch Jiang for a conversation one day. She suggests they call the gods, like the Speerlies used... (full context)
Chapter 11
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Rin has no experience fighting such an onslaught of well-trained soldiers. She reasons that Jiang’s warnings don’t matter if they’re all going to die anyway, so she decides to eat... (full context)
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
Rin opens her eyes to see Jiang standing between her and the general, easily holding back the man and his horse. Calmly,... (full context)
Chapter 12
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
...imprison Rin like this, but Jun insists she’s a liability. Jun also notes that the Gatekeeper is dangerous, but the Empress says that the “Gatekeeper’s been dealt with.” When Rin finally... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...is what he wanted, but he isn’t happy about it. There’s still no sign of Jiang anywhere. (full context)
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...she burned the general. Rin is certain that she’s “going crazy” and is doing what Jiang told her not to do, but Altan gently says he’ll help Rin; he knows what... (full context)
Chapter 13
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...the Trial or during battle. Still, she finds Altan to be a better teacher than Jiang because he answers her questions. He almost feels like an older brother, and he makes... (full context)
Chapter 14
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
...He does note that meditation isn’t appropriate in a battle setting, and he notes that Jiang is afraid and taught Rin explicitly to never call a god. Thus, Rin should disregard... (full context)
Chapter 16
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...call the Phoenix. Rin knows that this is because she’s afraid: she remembers all of Jiang’s warnings, and every time Rin meditates, she sees the Speerly Woman warning her not to... (full context)
Chapter 17
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
...Some are Federation soldiers, and Rin doesn’t think the Federation sent the chimei. She remembers Jiang saying he’d “summon into existence beings that should not be in this world” just before... (full context)
Chapter 20
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Thinking of her lessons with Jiang, Rin asks, “What does the Phoenix want me to know?” The Talwu asks Rin to... (full context)
Chapter 22
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...destruction than the Federation wrought in Golyn Niis. They discuss their plan to “release the Gatekeeper,” but Altan adds that they need to release Feylen, too. They begin to fight, and... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
...forces they won’t be able to control. Altan continues that the alternative is to “remain Jiang’s good girl” and stay here. Rin wonders what she has to lose, and she pledges... (full context)
Chapter 23
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
...Altan explains that Chaghan has already been to the Chuluu Korikh, as they believe the Gatekeeper might have immured himself after seeing “disturbances” on the “spirit horizon.” Rin also asks about... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
On the first record wheel, Rin reads the first entry: Jiang Ziya, the Gatekeeper. Rin runs down the path, looking for Jiang. She finds a plinth... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
Altan sounds unsure as he insists he can control them. Jiang takes Altan’s shoulder, and Altan says he wants to save Nikan. When Jiang notes that... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
Rin realizes that Jiang and Chaghan were right: they can’t utilize gods like this, and they can’t let Feylen... (full context)
Chapter 24
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...it, even if it will ultimately kill her. Rin insists that they aren’t cowardly like Jiang or Tearza. They can’t abandon the Speerlies’ memory, and they can’t let the Cike end... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Rin realizes that Jiang was wrong that all spirits return to the void when people die: the Speerlies don’t,... (full context)
Chapter 25
The Purpose of Education Theme Icon
History Theme Icon
...Phoenix condemning her to a spiritual lifetime of pain. Then, she’s whipped away to the Gatekeeper and asks why he abandoned “us.” He just stares at her until, finally, he shakes... (full context)
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
...ghost, and appears before the Phoenix. The Phoenix insists that Altan was weak and that Jiang was a coward. Altan, Rin realizes, got a martyr’s death because he couldn’t stand the... (full context)
 Chapter 26
Dehumanization and the Horrors of War Theme Icon
Identity, Cultural Trauma, and Coming of Age Theme Icon
Addiction, Drugs, and Control Theme Icon
...demands opium: she needs a break from the Phoenix’s desire for more destruction. She knows Jiang would tell her to immure herself in the Chuluu Korikh—and she realizes she belongs there—but... (full context)