The Razor’s Edge

The Razor’s Edge

by

W. Somerset Maugham

The Razor’s Edge: Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
A few days later, Somerset goes to say goodbye to Elliott and Mrs. Bradley. Isabel comes into the room soon after Somerset arrives. After Somerset says goodbye, Isabel leaves with him. She says that she wants to talk to him about something. They stop at a drugstore, and Somerset orders two ice cream sodas. Isabel asks Somerset what she thinks of Larry, and Somerset tells her that he seems unusually self-possessed for a man of his age. Isabel then tells Somerset about the conversation she and Larry had the other day. 
This passage provides more details about Somerset as a character. Even though Somerset isn’t related to Isabel, and Isabel has only known him for a few days, she still seeks him out to talk to. She does that in part, it seems, because he is a disinterested observer. But more than that, Somerset seems to be the kind of person who others feel comfortable opening up to almost immediately, a characteristic that seems to help Somerset form meaningful friendships relatively quickly.   
Themes
Wisdom and the Meaning of Life Theme Icon
Snobbishness, Social Status, and Cosmopolitanism Theme Icon
Isabel tells Somerset that she invited Larry to her mother’s house to talk to him after he turned down Henry Maturin’s job offer. At Mrs. Bradley’s house, Isabel asked Larry why he turned down the job. Larry told her that he wanted to do something more than sell bonds for his whole life. Isabel responded that they needed to be sensible and that a man had to work. More than that, the U.S. was on the brink of becoming one of the wealthiest countries in the world; if Larry started working now, he would soon be rich. “Money just doesn’t happen to interest me,” Larry said. There was a pause in the conversation, and then Larry said, “The dead look so terribly dead when they’re dead.” He told Isabel that he got a lot of ideas like that while flying in the war, strange, incoherent ideas.
This passage establishes the novel’s broad views on the United States at the time (1919). Through Isabel’s dialogue, the novel establishes that it’s not just Larry’s peers and acquaintances who want him to straighten up and get a job; instead, the U.S. as a country and society is about to be one of the wealthiest countries in the world. That analysis implies that wealth is also one of the highest values in U.S. society, and it seems to be the path that most people pursue to try and find meaning in their lives. But, Larry says, money and wealth don’t interest him, highlighting again how different Larry’s ideas about what is important are from those of most people in his society.
Themes
Wisdom and the Meaning of Life Theme Icon
Social Norms and Conformity Theme Icon
Quotes
Larry then told Isabel that his best friend in the air corps died while he was trying to save Larry’s life. “I didn’t find that easy to get over,” Larry said. He didn’t think he’d be able to find peace until he figured out the answers to the questions he’d been asking. He said that sometimes he wondered whether it would be better to just follow the beaten path but then he thought of seeing someone lying dead who had been full of life just moments before, and it made the world seem cruel and without purpose. Isabel told him that she didn’t see a place for her in his life then. They both decided it would be good for Larry to go away. Larry then said he would travel to Paris. He might stay for a year, he said, or maybe two.
This passage shows that Larry’s decision to try and find the answers to the mysteries of the universe stems from an idea known as “the problem of evil.” Roughly stated, the “problem of evil” asks, Why would an all-good and all-powerful God allow for the existence of evil? Larry cannot live the life he once did (and the one others want him to return to) without determining whether the universe is in fact cruel and without purpose. In other words, he wants to find an answer to the problem of evil, either one that suggests that there is no all-good and all-powerful God, which might be devastating, or an answer that suggests there is a God while also answering why that God allows evil to exist.
Themes
Wisdom and the Meaning of Life Theme Icon
Social Norms and Conformity Theme Icon
Truth and the Problem of Evil   Theme Icon
Isabel seems shaken when she finishes describing the conversation to Somerset. When she asks, Somerset says that surely she’s done the right thing and that she’s acted with love and understanding. Isabel hopes that new surroundings in Paris will shake Larry out of what Dr. Nelson has called “delayed shock.” Somerset says that maybe what happened during the war has left Larry unsatisfied and restless in a way that he doesn’t know how to address. Isabel says she thinks that something is troubling Larry. Before the war, she says, Larry had been full of zest and life, and she doesn’t understand what happened to change him. Somerset writes that, as far as he knows, Larry never told anyone about a specific, horrific event that inalterably changed him.
Larry’s guardian, Dr. Nelson, refers to what Larry is experiencing as “delayed shock.” At the time (in 1919), the same phenomenon might also be referred to as “shell shock,” and now we would most likely call it PTSD. Notably, Larry’s experiences in the war make returning to his old life seem impossible; his old life no longer makes sense or seems meaningful to him. Since he no longer understands his old life, Larry must then find a way to understand the world that accommodates the horror he has witnessed, or else, the novel implies, he may be subsumed by that horror.
Themes
Wisdom and the Meaning of Life Theme Icon
Trauma and Self-Destruction Theme Icon
Truth and the Problem of Evil   Theme Icon
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Somerset writes that Larry did, however, tell someone about the friend who died trying to save his life. Years later, Somerset heard that story. The friend was an Irishman with red hair who they called Patsy. Patsy was a little older than Larry and took Larry under his wing during the war. Patsy loved to fly and get into dogfights. One day, Larry and Patsy came upon German planes without expecting to. One of the planes followed Larry. Patsy dove down to shoot the plane, which veered off. Patsy made it back to the base first. When Larry arrived, Patsy was lying on the ground. “Well, I’m jiggered,” he said to Larry and then died. The day after Somerset’s conversation with Isabel, he leaves Chicago for San Francisco, where he’s scheduled to board a ship bound for China.
Larry will later describe his own love of flying, saying that it’s the closest he felt, as a young man, to beauty, freedom, and unity with “infinitude.” Patsy seems to have had a similar relationship with flying, but he is also killed while he’s flying. Flying then serves as a concrete symbol of the abstract idea of the “problem of evil.” With that in mind, when Larry asks why evil exists, he could also be asking whether the cruelty and meaninglessness he witnessed when Patsy died while flying tarnishes the beauty he felt moments before, rendering that beauty meaningless in the face of suffering. 
Themes
Wisdom and the Meaning of Life Theme Icon
Social Norms and Conformity Theme Icon
Trauma and Self-Destruction Theme Icon
Truth and the Problem of Evil   Theme Icon