Somerset Maugham’s friend Elliott is the novel’s chief purveyor of snobbishness. He is a social climber who is always looking to reach a higher rung on the never-ending ladder of social status. While Elliott achieves higher and higher status for much of his life, trends change and Elliott ultimately finds himself excluded from the most selective parties. When Elliott is on his deathbed, the bishop who administers last rites says that Elliott’s faults are superficial and that deep down he is a good person, echoing Somerset’s repeated insistence that Elliott is generous at heart. The novel contradicts those assertions, though, by showing that Elliott has essentially bribed himself into the Catholic Church’s (and the bishop’s) good graces through sizeable donations, allowing him to receive an aristocratic title and special treatment, which he hopes will translate into higher status, even in the afterlife. The novel argues, then, that Elliott has focused on status at the expense of more fully developing his inherent capacity for generosity. With that in mind, Elliott’s desire for status has proven to be a dead end; he dies empty and virtually alone.
Somerset serves as a symbol of cosmopolitanism and becomes a foil to Elliott’s snobbishness. While Elliott cultivates relationships with people because he sees them as a way to achieve a higher social status, Somerset cultivates relationships with people across all social classes based on whether he finds them interesting or not. That tendency can be seen in his friendships with people as varied as Larry (a spiritual seeker who renounces materialism), Elliott (a self-described snob who lives for social status), and Suzanne Rouvier (an artist’s muse who moves from relationship to relationship). Somerset is also familiar with the “tougher,” or seedier, parts of Paris and repeatedly defends Sophie’s lifestyle of drugs, sex, and alcohol in conversations with Isabel. He even pays for Sophie’s funeral expenses and is one of the funeral’s only attendees after she dies.
Somerset’s cosmopolitanism, his insistence that all people are worthy of consideration regardless of their social status or connections, is depicted as the opposite of Elliott’s snobbishness and obsession with social status. The novel suggests, then, that snobbishness is a dead end, leaving one empty and alone, while cosmopolitanism leads to a richly lived and worthwhile life marked by open-hearted friendship.
Snobbishness, Social Status, and Cosmopolitanism ThemeTracker
Snobbishness, Social Status, and Cosmopolitanism Quotes in The Razor’s Edge
The man I am writing about is not famous. It may be that he never will be. It may be that when his life at last comes to an end he will leave no more trace of his sojourn on earth than a stone thrown into a river leaves on the surface of the water.
He had enough to live in what he considered the proper style for a gentleman without trying to earn money, and the method by which he had done so in the past was a matter which, unless you wished to lose his acquaintance, you were wise not to refer to. Thus relieved of material cares he gave himself over to the ruling passion of his life, which was social relationships.
He was in affluent circumstances and he contributed generously to the good works patronized by persons of consequence. He was always ready with his exquisite taste and his gift for organization to help in any charitable function that was widely publicized.
“It’s a long arduous road he’s starting to travel, but it may be that at the end of it he’ll find what he’s seeking.”
“What’s that?”
“Hasn’t it occurred to you? It seems to me that in what he said to you he indicated it pretty plainly. God. […] Unfortunately you don’t know what experience he had in the war that so profoundly moved him. I think it was some sudden shock for which he was unprepared. I suggest to you that whatever it was that happened to Larry filled him with a sense of the transiency of life, and an anguish to be sure that there was a compensation for the sin and sorrow of the world.”
“Well, you know the Duce has been reclaiming great tracts of land in the Pontine Marshes and it was represented to me that His Holiness was gravely concerned at the lack of places of worship for the settlers. So, to cut a long story short, I built a little Romanesque church […] But no one was more surprised than I when shortly afterward it was intimated to me that he [His Holiness] had been pleased to confer a title on me.”
“I suppose it was the end of the world for her when her husband and her baby were killed. I suppose she didn’t care what became of her and flung herself into the horrible degradation of drink and promiscuous copulation to get even with life that had treated her so cruelly. She’d lived in heaven and when she lost it she couldn’t put up with the common earth of common men, but in despair plunged headlong into hell. I can imagine that if she couldn’t drink the nectar of the gods any more she thought she might as well drink bathroom gin.”
“My dear fellow, at my age one can’t afford to fall out. You don’t think I’ve moved in the highest circles for nearly fifty years without realizing that if you’re not seen everywhere you’re forgotten.”
I wondered if he realized what a lamentable confession he was then making. I had not the heart to laugh at Elliott any more; he seemed to me a profoundly pathetic object. Society was what he lived for, a party was the breath of his nostrils, not to be asked to one was an affront, to be alone was a mortification; and, an old man now, he was desperately afraid.
“I shall enter the kingdom of heaven with a letter of introduction from a prince of the Church. I fancy that all doors will be open to me.”
“I’m afraid you’ll find the company very mixed.” I smiled.
[…]
“Believe me, my dear fellow,” he went on after a pause, “there’ll be none of this damned equality in heaven.”
He is without ambition and he has no desire for fame; to become anything of a public figure would be deeply distasteful to him […] but it may be he thinks that a few uncertain souls, drawn to him like moths to a candle, will be brought in time to share his own glowing belief that ultimate satisfaction can only be found in the life of the spirit, and that by himself following with selflessness and renunciation the path of perfection he will serve as well as if he wrote books or addressed multitudes.
But this is conjecture. I am of the earth, earthy; I can only admire the radiance of such a rare creature, I cannot step into his shoes and enter into his innermost heart as I sometimes think I can do with persons more nearly allied to the common run of man. Larry has been absorbed, as he wished, into the tumultuous conglomeration of humanity, distracted by so many conflicting interests, so lost in the world’s confusion, so wishful of good, so cocksure on the outside, so diffident within, so kind, so hard, so trustful, and so cagey, which is people of the United States.