LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Reader, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Guilt, Responsibility, and the Holocaust
Secrets, Indifference, and Emotional Distance
Generational and Parent-Child Conflict
Reading and Illiteracy
The Image as Memory and the Gaze
Summary
Analysis
After Hanna leaves, Michael thinks about her constantly. He daydreams about her in classes and calls out her name and reaches out for her at night. Eventually, however, he is able to stop thinking about her and his guilt fades. After that, Michael remembers being happy at school and during his first few years at university. He describes this time as “effortless,” in that relationships and friendships came easily to him and “nothing weighed heavily.” Michael takes on “a posture of arrogant superiority” and behaves cruelly toward others, like Sophie, whom he has sex with but isn’t interested in, and his grandfather, whose blessing Michael rejects. Yet despite his coldness and apparent indifference, Michael is at times extremely emotional, as “the smallest gesture of affection would bring a lump to [his] throat.”
Though Hanna initially haunts his thoughts, eventually (over the course of years) Michael is able to stop feeling guilt for her—or for anyone else. This somewhat relieves his pain over losing Hanna, but his newfound indifference makes him emotionally distant from others as well, and his lack of guilt prevents him from taking responsibility for hurting others. Michael has been enormously affected by his relationship with Hanna, whether he’s actively thinking of her or not.