The family drama at the center of The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea isn’t just an elaborate metaphor for Yukio Mishima’s political and philosophical beliefs—it’s also a detailed commentary on family itself. At the beginning of the novel, 13-year-old Noboru finds a peephole that allows him to see into his widowed mother Fusako’s bedroom and watch her have sex with the strapping sailor Ryuji Tsukazaki. While Noboru views love as childish, sex as a mere biological curiosity, and the family as an oppressive institution, Ryuji has more complicated views on the matter. He yearns to meet and marry a woman, even though he believes that his destiny is to live an adventurous life alone on the open seas. But then, his passionate love for Fusako—who embodies stereotypically feminine ideals just as he embodies stereotypically masculine ideals—lures him away from life at sea and spells his demise. On the one hand, then, the book reflects the traditional idea that men and women have opposite but complementary essences, which come together through love. On the other, it argues that men sacrifice themselves when they fall in love with women—and particularly when they form families. Thus, the novel portrays love as a natural but dangerous kind of self-sacrifice: it brings men into families that ultimately destroy them.
First, the book suggests that men and women have naturally opposite, complementary essences. Both Ryuji and Noboru aspire to a traditional masculine ideal of toughness and adventurousness. Ryuji dreams of reaching the “pinnacle of manliness” through sailing—but judging by the novel’s description, he’s already pretty close to it. He’s muscular, self-reliant, and aloof, and he seems to be the exact kind of brutish, iron-hearted man that Noboru idolizes. Meanwhile, Fusako embodies a similarly traditional view of femininity. Although she’s a successful, independent, working single mother, the book portrays this as a defect in her otherwise perfect femininity: she’s beautiful, delicate, emotional, and (above all) passive. The novel’s descriptions focus on her beautiful clothing, unstable emotions, and sense of loneliness without a man. In other words, despite her complexity as a character, the novel implies that her femininity is the main thing that counts.
Next, the novel uses Ryuji and Fusako’s relationship to suggest that love is the natural union of these complementary masculine and feminine energies. Throughout his time as a sailor, Ryuji dreams about a love in which “he [is] a paragon of manliness and she the consummate woman.” In other words, he imagines love as finding a perfect feminine woman who can complement his perfect his masculinity. He achieves this aspiration when he falls in love with Fusako, whom he quickly recognizes as the woman from his dreams. When they first meet, Ryuji is attracted to her “delicate” and “fragrant” body, her “softness,” and her “extravagant, elegant woman[hood].” Meanwhile, Fusako is attracted to Ryuji’s rugged attitude and intense, piercing stare. In other words, Ryuji and Fusako fall in love (and eventually get engaged) because they both view each other as ideal complements—or perfect examples of stereotypical masculinity and femininity that complete each other. Indeed, even Noboru recognizes this: when he watches his mother and Ryuji have sex through the peephole in his wall, he describes seeing the unity of male and female and feeling that “the universal order [has been] at last achieved.” This shows that the novel’s main characters all think true love depends on the perfect union of male and female energy.
However, while the book portrays love as a natural and inevitable force, it also shows how love has the potential to be destructive. In particular, it suggests that the family prevents men from truly living out their masculinity. The chief voices this perspective by arguing that “fathers [are] the vilest things on earth” because they disempower their sons, stifling their creativity and strength. Noboru’s discomfort around Ryuji in the second half of the book illustrates this. Noboru hates that Ryuji becomes his “new father” after Ryuji and Fusako get engaged, and that he tries to teach Noboru moral lessons—when Noboru has already studied morality extensively and decided that it doesn’t exist. For Noboru, then, fatherhood really amounts to one man unjustly imposing his values on another. Furthermore, Noboru and the chief also believe that fatherhood limits fathers’ own freedom to pursue their dreams. Ryuji’s regrets about settling down with Fusako support this view. He realizes that marrying her will get in the way of his masculine pursuit of adventure, as he believes that the order of the world is that “the man sets out in the quest of the Grand Cause; the woman is left behind.” So when he stays behind with Fusako rather than returning to his life as a sailor, he realizes that he has given up his destiny. This helps partially explain why Noboru and the gang decide to murder Ryuji at the end of the book: it alleviates both his own resentment about having a father and Ryuji’s resentment at having to stay in Japan with his future wife. Like the mythological Oedipus, who famously killed his father and married his mother, Noboru gets to remain the dominant man in his family by killing Ryuji. In other words, the book proposes that even though love creates families, destroying the family is the only way to truly free people to be themselves.
Readers might find the novel’s ideas regressive and misogynistic by modern standards, but it’s clear how they stemmed from Mishima’s own life. Mishima insisted on marrying a woman and having children even though he was gay, and he viewed his own authoritarian father, who prohibited him from writing and constantly told him that he wasn’t masculine enough, with a complicated mix of resentment and respect. He became an avid bodybuilder and martial artist to deal with his insecurities. These factors help illustrate why Mishima idealized the womanless, adventurous, and unquestionably masculine life of sailors like Ryuji, and why he portrays women like Fusako as objects and afterthoughts in the novel.
Masculinity, Love, and Family ThemeTracker
Masculinity, Love, and Family Quotes in The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea
Noboru couldn’t believe he was looking at his mother’s bedroom; it might have belonged to a stranger. But there was no doubt that a woman lived there: femininity trembled in every corner, a faint scent lingered in the air.
Then a strange idea assailed him. Did the peephole just happen to be here, an accident? Or—after the war—when the soldiers’ families had been living together in the house…He had a sudden feeling that another body, larger than his, a blond, hairy body, had once huddled in this dusty space in the wall. […] He ran to the next room. He would never forget the queer sensation he had when, flinging open the door, he burst in.
Drab and familiar, the room bore no resemblance to the mysterious chamber he had seen through the peephole: it was here that he came to whine and to sulk.
And the zone of black. […] He tried all the obscenity he knew, but words alone couldn’t penetrate that thicket. His friends were probably right when they called it a pitiful little vacant house. He wondered if that had anything to do with the emptiness of his own world.
At thirteen, Noboru was convinced of his own genius (each of the others in the gang felt the same way) and certain that life consisted of a few simple signals and decisions; that death took root at the moment of birth and man’s only recourse thereafter was to water and tend it; that propagation was a fiction; consequently, society was a fiction too: that fathers and teachers, by virtue of being fathers and teachers, were guilty of a grievous sin. Therefore, his own father’s death, when he was eight, had been a happy incident, something to be proud of.
He never cried, not even in his dreams, for hard-heartedness was a point of pride. A large iron anchor withstanding the corrosion of the sea and scornful of the barnacles and oysters that harass the hulls of ships, sinking polished and indifferent through heaps of broken glass, toothless combs, bottle caps, and prophylactics into the mud at harbor bottom—that was how he liked to imagine his heart. Someday he would have an anchor tattooed on his chest.
Assembled there were the moon and a feverish wind, the incited, naked flesh of a man and a woman, sweat, perfume, the scars of a life at sea, the dim memory of ports around the world, a cramped breathless peephole, a young boy’s iron heart—but these cards from a gypsy deck were scattered, prophesying nothing. The universal order at last achieved, thanks to the sudden, screaming horn, had revealed an ineluctable circle of life—the cards had paired: Noboru and mother—mother and man—man and sea—sea and Noboru…
He was choked, wet, ecstatic. Certain he had watched a tangle of thread unravel to trace a hallowed figure. And it would have to be protected: for all he knew, he was its thirteen-year-old creator.
“If this is ever destroyed, it’ll mean the end of the world.” […] I guess I’d do anything to stop that, no matter how awful!
That was their first encounter. She would never forget his eyes as he confronted her in the corridor. Deep-set in the disgruntled, swarthy face, they sought her out as though she were a tiny spot on the horizon, the first sign of a distant ship. That, at least, was the feeling she had. Eyes viewing an object so near had no business piercing that way, focusing so sharply—without leagues of sea between them, it was unnatural. She wondered if all eyes that endlessly scanned the horizon were that way. Unlooked-for signs of a ship descried—misgivings and delight, wariness and expectation…the sighted vessel just barely able to forgive the affront because of the vast reach of sea between them: a ravaging gaze. The sailor’s eyes made her shudder.
“It was the sea that made me begin thinking secretly about love more than anything else; you know, a love worth dying for, or a love that consumes you. To a man locked up in a steel ship all the time, the sea is too much like a woman. Things like her lulls and storms, or her caprice, or the beauty of her breast reflecting the setting sun, are all obvious. More than that, you’re in a ship that mounts the sea and rides her and yet is constantly denied her. It’s the old saw about miles and miles of lovely water and you can’t quench your thirst. Nature surrounds a sailor with all these elements so like a woman and yet he is kept as far as a man can be from her warm, living body. That’s where the problem begins, right there—I’m sure of it.”
“That sailor is terrific! He’s like a fantastic beast that’s just come out of the sea all dripping wet. Last night I watched him go to bed with my mother.”
Noboru seized the kitten by the neck and stood up. It dangled dumbly from his fingers. He checked himself for pity; like a lighted window seen from an express train, it flickered for an instant in the distance and disappeared. He was relieved.
The chief always insisted it would take acts such as this to fill the world’s great hollows. Though nothing else could do it, he said, murder would fill those gaping caves in much the same way that a crack along its face will fill a mirror. Then they would achieve real power over existence.
His eyes roved the dim room and he marveled at the golden clock enthroned on the mantel, the cut-glass chandelier depending from the ceiling, the graceful jade vases poised precariously on open shelves: all delicate, all absolutely still. He wondered what subtle providence kept the room from rocking. Until a day before, the objects here had meant nothing to him, and in a day he would be gone; yet, for the moment, they were connected. The link was a glance met by a woman’s eyes, a signal emanating from deep in the flesh, the brute power of his own manhood; and to know this filled him with a sense of mystery, as when he sighted an unknown vessel on the open sea. Though his own flesh had fashioned the bond, its enormous unreality with respect to this room made him tremble.
Since dark antiquity the words have been spoken by women of every caste to sailors in every port; words of docile acceptance of the horizon’s authority, of reckless homage to that mysterious azure boundary; words never failing to bestow on even the haughtiest woman the sadness, the hollow hopes, and the freedom of the whore: “You’ll be leaving in the morning, won’t you?…”
The thought of parting with her the next day was painful, but he had a maxim to countermand his pain, an insubstantial refrain which played over and over in his dreams: “The man sets out in quest of the Grand Cause; the woman is left behind.” Yet Ryuji knew better than anyone that no Grand Cause was to be found at sea. At sea were only watches linking night and day, prosaic tedium, the wretched circumstances of a prisoner.
For Ryuji the kiss was death, the very death in love he always dreamed of. The softness of her lips, her mouth so crimson in the darkness he could see it with closed eyes, so infinitely moist, a tepid coral sea, her restless tongue quivering like sea grass…in the dark rapture of all this was something directly linked to death. He was perfectly aware that he would leave her in a day, yet he was ready to die happily for her sake. Death roused inside him, stirred.
Noboru, as he affected childishness, was standing guard over the perfection of the adults, the moment. His was the sentinel’s role. The less time they had, the better. The shorter this meeting was, the less perfection would be marred. For the moment, as a man leaving a woman behind to voyage around the world, as a sailor, and as a Second Mate, Ryuji was perfect. So was his mother. As a woman to be left behind, as a beautiful sailcloth full-blown with happy memories and the grief of parting, she was perfect too. Both had blundered dangerously during the past two days but at the moment their behavior was beyond reproach. If only Ryuji didn’t say something ridiculous and spoil it all before he was safely under way. Peering from beneath the broad brim of his straw hat, Noboru anxiously studied first one face and then the other.
“Mr. Tsukazaki, when will you be sailing again?” Noboru asked abruptly.
His mother turned to him with a shocked face and he could see that she had paled. It was the question she most wanted to ask, and most dreaded. Ryuji was posing near the window with his back to them. He half closed his eyes, and then, very slowly, said: “I’m not sure yet.”
Are you going to give up the life which has detached you from the world, kept you remote, impelled you toward the pinnacle of manliness? The secret yearning for death. The glory beyond and the death beyond. Everything was “beyond,” wrong or right, had always been “beyond.” Are you going to give that up? […]
And yet Ryuji had discovered on the return leg of his last voyage that he was tired, tired to death of the squalor and the boredom in a sailor’s life. He was convinced that he had tasted it all, even the lees, and he was glutted. What a fool he’d been! There was no glory to be found, not anywhere in the world.
A minute later, far to the right of the floating lumber and surprisingly high up, a gauzy red ring loomed in the slate-gray sky. Immediately the sun became a globe of pure red but still so weak they could look straight at it, a blood-red moon.
“I know this will be a good year; it couldn’t be anything else with us here like this, watching the first sunrise together. And you know something? This is the first time I’ve ever seen the sunrise on New Year’s Day.” Fusako’s voice warped in the cold. Ryuji heard himself bellow in the resolute voice he used to shout orders into the wind on the winter deck: “Will you marry me?”
Ryuji had told the same sort of sea story before, but this time his delivery seemed different. The tone of his voice reminded Noboru of a peddler selling sundry wares while he handled them with dirty hands. Unsling a pack from your back and spread it open on the ground for all to see: one hurricane Caribbean-style—scenery along the banks of the Panama Canal—a carnival smeared in red dust from the Brazilian countryside—a tropical rainstorm flooding a village in the twinkling of an eye—bright parrots hollering beneath a dark sky…No doubt about it: Ryuji did have a pack of wares.
If Ryuji were really an opportunist with all kinds of dreadful secrets, I would never have fallen in love with him. Yoriko may be a gullible fool, but I happen to have a sound sense of what’s good and what’s bad. The thought was equivalent to a denial of that unaccountable summer passion, yet the whispering inside her began suddenly to seethe, to swell until it threatened to burst out.
“There is no such thing as a good father because the role itself is bad. Strict fathers, soft fathers, nice moderate fathers—one’s as bad as another. They stand in the way of our progress while they try to burden us with their inferiority complexes, and their unrealized aspirations, and their resentments, and their ideals, and the weaknesses they’ve never told anyone about, and their sins, and their sweeter-than-honey dreams, and the maxims they’ve never had the courage to live by—they’d like to unload all that silly crap on us, all of it!
[…]
They’re suspicious of anything creative, anxious to whittle the world down into something puny they can handle. A father is a reality-concealing machine, a machine for dishing up lies to kids, and that isn’t even the worst of it: secretly he believes that he represents reality.”
The moment he huddled inside the chest he was calm again. The trembling and the trepidation seemed almost funny now; he even had a feeling he would be able to study well. Not that it really mattered: this was the world’s outer edge. So long as he was here, Noboru was in contact with the naked universe. No matter how far you ran, escape beyond this point was impossible.
Bending his arms in the cramped space, he began to read the cards in the light of the flashlight.
abandon
By now this word was an old acquaintance: he knew it well.
ability
Was that any different from genius?
aboard
A ship again; he recalled the loudspeaker ringing across the deck that day when Ryuji sailed. And then the colossal, golden horn, like a proclamation of despair.
absence
absolute
To beat the boy would be easy enough, but a difficult future awaited him. He would have to receive their love with dignity, to deliver them from daily dilemmas, to balance daily accounts; he was expected in some vague, general way to comprehend the incomprehensible feelings of the mother and the child and to become an infallible teacher, perceiving the causes of a situation even as unconscionable as this one: he was dealing here with no ocean squall but the gentle breeze that blows ceaselessly over the land.
Though Ryuji didn’t realize it, the distant influence of the sea was at work on him again: he was unable to distinguish the most [exalted] feelings from the meanest, and suspected that essentially important things did not occur on land. No matter how hard he tried to reach a realistic decision, shore matters remained suffused with the hues of fantasy.
Noboru listened feeling as though he were about to suffocate. Can this man be saying things like that? This splendid hero who once shone so brightly?
Every word burned like fire. He wanted to scream, as his mother had screamed: How can you do this to me? The sailor was saying things he was never meant to say. Ignoble things in wheedling, honeyed tones, fouled words not meant to issue from his lips until Doomsday, words such as men mutter in stinking lairs. And he was speaking proudly, for he believed in himself, was satisfied with the role of father he had stepped forward to accept.
He is satisfied. Noboru felt nauseous.
Gradually, as he talked to the boys, Ryuji had come to understand himself as Noboru imagined him.
I could have been a man sailing away forever. He had been fed up with all of it, glutted, and yet now, slowly, he was awakening again to the immensity of what he had abandoned.
The dark passions of the tides, the shriek of a tidal wave, the avalanching break of surf upon a shoal…an unknown glory calling for him endlessly from the dark offing, glory merged in death and in a woman, glory to fashion of his destiny something special, something rare. At twenty he had been passionately certain: in the depths of the world’s darkness was a point of light which had been provided for him alone and would draw near someday to irradiate him and no other.