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Similes
Chapter 3
Explanation and Analysis—Hypocritical Sermons:
Dimmesdale's sermons throughout the novel are wrought with situational irony because he is calling on people to behave virtuously even though he himself has failed to do so. An early example of situational irony in Dimmesdale's sermons occurs in Chapter 3, when Dimmesdale tells Hester why she should reveal Pearl's father:
"Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so than to hide a guilty heart through life."
Dimmesdale knows that he is Pearl's father. It is hypocritical for him to place a moral burden on Hester to reveal Pearl's father when he himself is "hiding a guilty heart through life." As the town minister, Dimmesdale ought to lead by example. At the very least, he ought to live up to the moral codes he imposes on others. The irony of the situation (Dimmesdale tells Hester and the town to do the opposite of what he is doing) emphasizes how all-consuming Dimmesdale finds his own shame to be. He cannot bring himself to reveal his identity, and so he pleads with Hester to do it for him. He therefore calls upon her to behave in the way that everyone would expect him to behave.
Although some Puritans in the novel (such as Governor Winthrop) seem to delude themselves about their own hypocrisy, Dimmesdale is keenly aware of his. In Chapter 11, he points out the irony that he has maintained his office as pastor through the entire scandal:
["]I, your pastor, whom you so reverence and trust, am utterly a pollution and a lie!”
The role of the pastor, according to Dimmesdale, commands "reverence and trust." He sees himself not only as unsuited to the role, but also as dangerous to its sanctity: he "pollutes" it. It is true that Dimmesdale is a liar, but it is important to note that what he calls himself is a "lie." The townspeople see him as their pastor, but he believes he is deceiving them. He does not deserve their reverence and trust, so he is not a real pastor. Instead, he is a wolf in sheep's clothing who threatens everyone's morality by passing himself off as a perfect Puritan.
Related Themes:
Chapter 7
Explanation and Analysis—Family Separation:
There is situational irony in the fact that the government wants to separate Hester and Pearl from one another years after they have been exiled. In Chapter 7, the narrator criticizes the governor for getting involved in the scheme to take Pearl away from Hester, which is supposedly for both of their moral betterment:
Among those who promoted the design, Governor Bellingham was said to be one of the most busy. It may appear singular, and indeed, not a little ludicrous, that an affair of this kind, which, in later days, would have been referred to no higher jurisdiction than that of the selectmen of the town, should then have been a question publicly discussed, and on which statesmen of eminence took sides.
The irony at play here is that, after years of mistreatment, the townspeople have suddenly decided that they're concerned about Hester and Pearl's well-being. Hester and Pearl were both exiled from their community, and they haven't bothered anyone for years. In fact, they've been quite self-sufficient and have been living on the outskirts of town. The extent of their involvement in town affairs is that Hester sews clothing for people, and the pair is a perpetual target of gossip and bullying. It's absurd, then, that the very same locals who have never tried to help Hester and Pearl now want to separate them "for their own good," as if they actually care about them. It is obvious to the reader by this point that Hester and Pearl have a strong bond and that hardly anyone else has either of their best interests in mind. It seems more likely that the people who want to separate them simply want more material for the gossip mill and more reasons to feel morally superior.
Related Themes:
Chapter 11
Explanation and Analysis—Hypocritical Sermons:
Dimmesdale's sermons throughout the novel are wrought with situational irony because he is calling on people to behave virtuously even though he himself has failed to do so. An early example of situational irony in Dimmesdale's sermons occurs in Chapter 3, when Dimmesdale tells Hester why she should reveal Pearl's father:
"Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so than to hide a guilty heart through life."
Dimmesdale knows that he is Pearl's father. It is hypocritical for him to place a moral burden on Hester to reveal Pearl's father when he himself is "hiding a guilty heart through life." As the town minister, Dimmesdale ought to lead by example. At the very least, he ought to live up to the moral codes he imposes on others. The irony of the situation (Dimmesdale tells Hester and the town to do the opposite of what he is doing) emphasizes how all-consuming Dimmesdale finds his own shame to be. He cannot bring himself to reveal his identity, and so he pleads with Hester to do it for him. He therefore calls upon her to behave in the way that everyone would expect him to behave.
Although some Puritans in the novel (such as Governor Winthrop) seem to delude themselves about their own hypocrisy, Dimmesdale is keenly aware of his. In Chapter 11, he points out the irony that he has maintained his office as pastor through the entire scandal:
["]I, your pastor, whom you so reverence and trust, am utterly a pollution and a lie!”
The role of the pastor, according to Dimmesdale, commands "reverence and trust." He sees himself not only as unsuited to the role, but also as dangerous to its sanctity: he "pollutes" it. It is true that Dimmesdale is a liar, but it is important to note that what he calls himself is a "lie." The townspeople see him as their pastor, but he believes he is deceiving them. He does not deserve their reverence and trust, so he is not a real pastor. Instead, he is a wolf in sheep's clothing who threatens everyone's morality by passing himself off as a perfect Puritan.
Related Themes:
