The Shining

by

Stephen King

The Shining: Chapter 20 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Jack sits at the Sidewinder Public Library looking through old issues of the Sidewinder Gazette and the Boulder Camera. After 1965, all newspapers are on microfilm, and the distorted screen of the reading machine is giving Jack a screaming headache. Wendy asks how much longer Jack will be; Danny is at a nearby playground, and she doesn’t want him outside too long. She asks what Jack is looking for anyway, and Jack says he is doing some research on the Overlook’s history.
This research of the Overlook’s history is prompted by Jack’s discovery of the scrapbook. Jack is compelled to write a book about the Overlook, and he is constantly looking for more information on the hotel. Jack wants to know who the scrapbook belonged to, and why it stops after 1966.
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Wendy asks Jack if he is finding anything interesting, and he responds pleasantly, but Wendy’s questions are seriously irritating him. It is just like when she would ask him a million questions during his drinking days with Al. She drove him to drink, Jack thinks. She certainly wasn’t the only reason, Jack admits, but sometimes Wendy nags him so much that he just wants to hit her to shut her up. Wendy asks if he is feeling okay and comments that he looks pale. “I am fine!” Jack yells at her suddenly.  
Jack’s irritability reflects his abusive behavior, and he is right back to taking very little responsibility for his drinking and bad temper. In this way, Jack’s rationalizes his drinking and bad temper by telling himself these things aren’t because of him—instead, they are about Wendy. Wendy’s nagging drives him to drink and even to violence, he thinks.
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Wendy begins to walk away, clearly upset by Jack’s sudden explosion, but he stops her and apologizes. It is his headache, Jack says, that’s making him cranky. He asks Wendy if she has any aspirin, and she hands him tin of Anacin from her purse. Jack is disappointed and asks if she has Excedrin instead. She stops and stares at him. Jack hasn’t had Excedrin since he quit drinking and swore that the medication was the only thing that could cure a hangover. Wendy tells Jack she doesn’t have any Excedrin, and Jack says the Anacin is fine, but Wendy knows it isn’t.
Jack is manifesting his hallmark signs of drinking: he is cranky, mean, and has a headache that can only be cured with Excedrin. At this point, Wendy is definitely suspicious that Jack has been drinking and has a hangover. However, Jack’s symptoms actually seem to stem a mix of his lack of alcohol. Regardless, his attitude causes further stress to the Torrances’ already strained marriage.
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Wendy asks Jack if he would like some water, and he tells her he will stop at the drinking fountain, but in his head he is screaming at her. “GET THE FUCK OUT OF HERE!” Jack thinks. Wendy tells Jack she and Danny will be waiting at the playground and leaves. Jack looks back to the microfilm but can’t ignore his headache. He goes to the circulation desk and asks the librarian if she has a payphone, and she directs him to a drugstore down the street. Jack goes immediately to the drugstore and buys a bottle of Excedrin on his way to the payphone in the back.
Jack is clearly unraveling and becoming more abusive. His thoughts seem to be deteriorating toward a violent rage each day, and here Jack can barely keep his abusive thoughts from escaping.
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In the phone booth, Jack opens the Excedrin and lines up three pills before picking up the phone and asking the operator to connect him to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The line rings once at the Surf-Sand Resort, and Jack asks for Ullman. Jack pops one of the aspirin into his mouth and tastes the familiar bitterness. He chewed aspirin habitually back in his drinking days, but he hasn’t done it since, having read somewhere that chewing aspirin can be addictive. Ullman picks up the line and is instantly worried that something is wrong. No, Jack assures him, everything is fine. The boiler is holding, and Jack hasn’t killed his wife yet. He is saving murder for after the holidays when things get boring, he jokes.
Of course, everything isn’t fine—Jack’s rage is clearly “creeping” just like the boiler. Jack’s flippant joke about killing Wendy is disturbing given Grady’s murder of his family, and takes on an especially sinister note given how poorly Jack has just treated Wendy. Here, Jack’s aspirin chewing is directly linked to his drinking—the fact that Jack hasn’t chewed aspirin since he drank implies that perhaps he is drinking again. 
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Ullman doesn’t think Jack is funny and asks him what he wants. Jack says he just has some questions about the hotel’s history and Horace Derwent. Ullman didn’t tell him that Derwent had ties to the mob, Jack says, nor did Ullman tell him about the shooting in the Presidential Suite. Ullman argues that the hotel’s history has no bearing on Jack’s ability to do his job as caretaker, but Jack cuts him off. Ullman didn’t tell him about Gienelli and the woman who bought the hotel after his murder. Ullman tries to speak, but Jack keeps going. He didn’t tell Jack about the U.S. senator who died of a heart attack at the hotel wearing a garter belt and patent leather high heel shoes. Ullman screams that such rumors are lies, but Jack isn’t so sure.
Jack is trying to get back at Ullman for embarrassing him during his interview. Ullman implied that Jack wasn’t good enough to be the caretaker and brought out all his dirty laundry as proof. Here, Jack implies that Ullman’s hotel, which he implied was so perfect, is really a hotbed of scandals and illegal activity. Jack’s drinking and temper pale in comparison to the skeletons in the hotel’s closet. Ullman works hard to conceal the hotel’s seedy side, and bringing it up is the surest way for Jack to lose his job.
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Ullman says that there is no way he’s going to share the hotel’s scandals with the caretaker and asks who Jack thinks he is. Jack reminds Ullman that he dragged Jack’s personal history into the interview and embarrassed him, and Ullman threatens to fire him. Jack says that Al Shockley wouldn’t like that, but Ullman says that Jack overestimates his importance. Jack ignores Ullman and asks who owns the Overlook now, but Ullman refuses to tell him. Jack continues to push, and Ullman says that Al Shockley owns 35 percent, but Ullman won’t reveal the other major stockholders. Jack tells Ullman about the scrapbook and asks if he knows who it belongs to, but Ullman assures him that he doesn’t. 
It is never clear who currently owns the hotel, other than Al Shockley, but it is implied that Horace Derwent still has some stake in it. The true ownership of the hotel and what happened to Derwent are some of the mysteries that Jack is hoping to solve, but he is shut down by Ullman and Al at every turn.  
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Jack says that he is considering writing a book about the Overlook Hotel, and Ullman tells him that would be a major mistake. Jack pops the last of the three aspirin into his mouth, feeling an instant high. Ullman claims that he would fire Jack right now if he was convinced he wouldn’t lose his own job in the process, and he promises to call Al Shockley immediately. Jack tells Ullman not to worry—there will be nothing in the book that isn’t true. Ullman begins to yell that he wants Jack out of his hotel. “It’s not your hotel!” Jack screams and hangs up the phone.
Again, Jack loses his temper. Screaming at Ullman and insulting him can’t possibly be good for Jack, and he badly needs his job, but he seemingly can’t control his temper. He also seems more than willing to sacrifice his friendship with Al to write the book, which is further evidence of the strange hold the hotel has over Jack. 
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You lost your temper again,Jack thinks to himself. He wipes his lips with the back of his hand and thinks about how badly he needs a drink. There is a bar down the street, and he considers going there and ordering a martini. He doesn’t even know why he called Ullman in the first place, and now it seems likely that he has just lost his job. Had Jack called Ullman simply because he embarrassed Jack during the job interview? Jack isn’t sure, but he knows calling him was stupid, like the kind of stupid thing one does when drunk. But, of course, Jack is sober.
Jack’s comment that he lost his temper and the nervous habit of wiping of his mouth again draws a parallel between alcoholism and abuse: there is a direct correlation between drinking and violence in the novel. When Jack is drunk, he abuses his family; when Jack is sober, he abuses other people. Regardless of whether he is actively drinking or not, the addiction still has a hold over him and influences his behavior. Jack loses his temper with Ullman partly because he is craving a drink, and it is implied that this was the case with Jack’s assault on George Hatfield as well.
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Jack walks outside and is met by Wendy and Danny. It is beginning to snow, and the street is already dusted white. Wendy asks if Jack thinks this is the snow that will finally block them into the hotel, and Jack admits that he would like another week or so before that happens. As they get into the trunk to head back to the hotel, Jack realizes that even though he is intrigued by the hotel, he doesn’t actually like it very much. Maybe that is why he called Ullman, Jack thinks to himself, so he could get fired before the snow falls.
Here, it is implied that Jack subconsciously upset Ullman to purposefully lose his job. This suggests that Jack knows deep down that staying the winter at the Overlook is a bad idea, and that he is vulnerable to the hotel’s strange influence, the isolation and seclusion of the mountains, and his own demons in the form of his alcoholism and abusive nature. Jack’s realization here can also be seen as a kind of premonition—another form of the shining, despite Hallorann’s insistence that Jack does not shine.  
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