LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Testaments, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Religious Totalitarianism and Hypocrisy
Gender Roles
Truth, Knowledge, and Power
Shame, Fear, and Repression
Choice
Summary
Analysis
Lydia wonders who the reader of her manuscript will be, whether a foreign historian or a horrified Aunt who will swiftly report it to the Eyes or burn it immediately to preserve Lydia’s holy memory. Thus far Lydia has survived several purges, since those in power do not like to be challenged and often hang potential threats to their rule from the Wall. However, Lydia knows too much—she is an invaluable asset for managing the woman’s half of Gilead. She keeps secrets for every man of power in the government on the condition that her own life is preserved. Even so, she, like everyone in Gilead, is never safe, and she hopes for “just a little more time” to achieve her aims.
The Wall operates as a symbol of Gilead’s authoritarian power and its ability to control its citizens through physical or psychological means. The Wall physically entraps citizens, keeping them from easily fleeing to freedom, while also acting as a permanent display of the executed traitors, criminals, and adulterers who defy Gilead’s strictures. The Wall thus becomes a permanent psychological fixture in Gilead’s citizens’ minds, as much as it is a physical fixture.
Active
Themes
Quotes
Lydia is invited to meet Commander Judd in the Eyes’ headquarters, established in what was once a grand library that still possesses many contraband books. Although this meeting is not unprecedented, the Eyes’ domain is still a dangerous place and Commander Judd, as their head, is one of the most powerful men in Gilead. When Lydia arrives in Judd’s office, they exchange pleasantries. Lydia asks after his wife’s health. Judd has a predilection for very young girls, like “King David and assorted Central American drug lords.” His wives tend to mysteriously die once they age out of his tastes, at which point he’ll be “in the market for another child bride.” This is an open secret between himself and Lydia.
Commander Judd and Lydia’s relationship is one of the most interesting in the entire story. Both of them model their own particular use of power as allowed in a male-dominated society. Judd exercises his power through his militaristic might and high position as a man, while Lydia exercises hers through her subversive gathering and utilizing of incriminating information, such as Judd’s multiple murders of past wives. Although the story is not particularly condemning of Christianity at large, the author does point out several objectionable aspects of the Bible, such as King David’s predilection for very young women.
Active
Themes
Judd explains that his operatives in Canada have identified and eliminated two members of the Mayday resistance movement—which runs the Underground Femaleroad—with the help of Lydia’s Pearl Girls. The Pearl Girls, like many other things, were established by Lydia, since she reasoned that if other religions have missionaries who take part in espionage, then so should theirs. Lydia directly oversees them and the printing of the brochures they carry in Ardua Hall. They gather intelligence, some of which Lydia passes along to Judd, though not all. Judd reveals that they’ve learned the Mayday operatives have a source in Gilead leaking information to them, and Lydia feigns shock and assures Judd she will hunt for this traitor. Judd thanks her and expresses his admiration for her abilities.
The Underground Femaleroad is an obvious parallel to the actual Underground Railroad, which smuggled escaped African American slaves to freedom in the 18th and 19th century. Lydia’s insidious use of missionaries also parallels the common use of European Christian missionaries to penetrate foreign countries that England, Spain, Portugal, and France (among others) intended to colonize. Gilead’s use of such tactics sharply criticizes such abuses of Christianity and organized religion throughout history, which are unfortunately widespread.
Active
Themes
Lydia thinks that her life could have been different had she fled the country earlier like many women did, but she stayed behind with her country, which she once loved. Lydia’s journey was “littered with corpses” though she herself managed to survive.
Lydia is a woman who survives at any cost, even when it causes the deaths of others. While she is certainly not a traditional hero, neither is she the archetypal villain.
Active
Themes
Get the entire The Testaments LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
Lydia recalls the past: she was arrested right after the Sons of Jacob “liquidated Congress” in a sweeping terrorist attack. A state of emergency was declared; American citizens were told to just carry on as usual. Although the courts were closed, Lydia and some of her female colleagues were there to catch up on work and enjoy each other’s company. Katie, recently pregnant via sperm donor, burst into Lydia’s office and told her they needed to get out of the country right away. Her bank account and all assets had been seized—something bad was happening. Anita arrived as well, and said that her assets were frozen, too, and that the constitution had just been entirely abolished. Whoever planned this has been preparing it for years.
By setting her story in the near future, in a version of America that seems entirely familiar until it is usurped, Atwood places her story in the realm of speculative fiction. Rather than envision scenarios that seem utterly implausible or hundreds of years away, Atwood instead imagines (and warns) what might happen in the next few decades if certain events in past history were to repeat themselves and certain fringe elements of society, such as religious fanatics, were to gain power and become the mainstream element of society.
Active
Themes
A group of men toting guns kicked the front door in. One woman screamed. They immediately began sorting the women between fertile, young and attractive enough that a man might still marry, and older and professional. Lydia and Anita were both in the older and professional category, so they were handcuffed, loaded into a black van, and transported to a stadium where they were roughly deposited. Lydia saw that it had been converted into a prison.
The fact that the Sons of Jacob sort out the professional women immediately suggests that they understand how powerful an educated woman can be, and how much more difficult such women will be to control. It is significant that the Sons of Jacob’s first act is to sort and imprison women, suggesting that their desire to control and subjugate women is at least as primary than any religious motivation.