The Two Towers

by

J.R.R. Tolkien

The Two Towers: Book 3, Chapter 2 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The pace of the Three Hunters slows as they reach a range of hills, forcing them to climb up steep ridges and down into valleys again. The land is misty and shadowed as they travel into the night. Near dawn, as they stop to rest, they lose the orc-trail in a valley. Aragorn guesses that the orcs will go north, taking the shortest path possible through the lands of Rohan. As Aragorn searches the ground for clues, Legolas discovers that what they’d thought were boulders are actually the bodies of five of the orcs they’ve been tracking. Their killers are a mystery, but Aragorn theorizes that the deaths might have been caused by other orcs in an internal conflict. He adds that the riders of Rohan rarely travel in this region and that the area is too far from Minas Tirith for it to be likely that men killed the orcs. There is no sign of the hobbits around the bodies.
The orcs’ tendency to fight among themselves reveals one of the fundamental differences between Sauron’s allies and the Fellowship’s allies. The orcs lack both honor and unity. Their belligerence and betrayals are representative of the enemy. Rather than uniting towards their common goal, as the Fellowship did (with the brief exception of Boromir’s temptation), the orcs have constant internal conflict. Because they conceive of power as consolidated in one individual, as Sauron does, the orcs’ every effort must be a ceaseless struggle for power and control. 
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As the sky turns lighter, Aragorn rediscovers the orc trail and, freshly energized, they follow it onto a hill. From that height, Aragorn can see shadows in the West, the colors of dawn over the meadows of Rohan, and the snow-capped White Mountains of Gondor to the south. He recites a poem about Gondor, though he knows his path leads him away from it for now.
Aragorn grows more hopeful as the sun rises. Dawn provides clarity, opportunity, and a fresh beginning. He longs to return to Gondor but, showing his devotion to his duty, refuses to abandon his responsibility to Merry and Pippin, even if the hunt seems almost impossible.
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Legolas sees an eagle far above them headed north and Aragorn wonders if it’s the same bird he saw before. They also notice a huge company on foot, many leagues ahead of them, that must be the orcs. It seems that the orcs are marching as quickly as possible, traveling through the night and dropping unnecessary supplies as they go. The Three Hunters follow them, eventually reaching the sweet-smelling grass of Rohan. The air is warmer, and the ground is flatter than the range of hills behind them, enabling them to run and lessen the distance between themselves and the orcs.
The natural beauty of Rohan enlivens and cheers up the Three Hunters, and it also suggests that Rohan, unlike other, morally corrupted lands, retains a glimpse of its former glory and hasn’t yet fallen into total decay. With the orcs in sight, too, the companions have greater reason to hope for success. The orcs are moving swiftly but recklessly, going without sleep and leaving physical marks on the natural world by dropping their belongings and trash, revealing their lack of care for the lands of Middle-earth.
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As they chase the orcs, Aragorn suddenly gives a cry and turns away to follow a trail of smaller feet, where he discovers the brooch of Pippin’s elven-cloak. Aragorn guesses Pippin ran away from the trail and left the brooch for him as a sign. Gimli is heartened—Pippin is alive and has “the use of his wits, and of his legs, too.” The Three Hunters run on through the day, then debate whether to run through the night and risk missing further signs of the hobbits or to rest and risk falling behind. Legolas and Gimli leave the difficult choice to Aragorn, who feels as though all his recent decisions have gone awry. Though the orcs certainly won’t stop to sleep, Aragorn decides to rest through the night so that they don’t lose the trail in the dark.
The brooch, the first sign that the hobbits are still alive, is a discovery worthy of celebration, encouraging the Three Hunters in their pursuit. Again, it falls to Aragorn to make the difficult decisions for the group—one of the burdens of leadership. Though these decisions clearly trouble and discourage him, his devotion to his duty demands that he make them, and he rises to the challenge even when he’s unsure. Aragorn chooses to be careful rather than swift, and to prioritize their own rest—the exact opposite of the orcs’ heedless rush. 
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Gimli wishes for a phial of light like the one Galadriel gave Frodo, but Aragorn argues that Frodo needs it more. Frodo has the truly important quest; theirs is small in comparison. 
While devoted to his current endeavors, Aragorn also understands that the part he, Legolas, and Gimli will play in the coming war is far less important than Frodo’s task. His decision reflects his ability to keep their duty and Frodo’s in wisely balanced perspective. Frodo is the one who will need the phial—which provides light, clarity, and strength—not the three of them. They will have to make do with the strength they have and wait for the dawn’s light.
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They pick up the trail again before the sun rises. The orcs didn’t rest in the night and are out of even Legolas’s keen sight. Aragorn presses his ear to the ground to track the sound of their feet, but hears instead the sound of distant horses galloping towards them. The Three Hunters follow the orcs’ faint trail without rest, eating lembas bread to give them strength. Aragorn wonders why they haven’t seen any signs of life where there should have been herdsmen in the fields.
The lands of Rohan, though beautiful, are strangely deserted. This vacancy is a subtle indication of the ways in which Middle-earth has declined from its former state of beauty and goodness. Aragorn, familiar with how the world used to be, notices the acceleration of the world’s decline. The lembas that the Three Hunters eat fortifies them not only physically but also spiritually; still, it can’t banish Aragorn’s unease at the state of the land.
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The Three Hunters rest again at dusk, though every stop makes their goal of rescuing the hobbits more hopeless. Aragorn senses something strange in the silence of the land and the unusual weariness of his heart, and guesses that some foe is hindering them while aiding the orcs. Legolas agrees that there is some ill will ahead of them—Saruman. Nonetheless, Aragorn refuses to turn back. They all sleep.
Saruman has the power of his armies and his spies, but—much like Sauron—he also has the nameless and oppressive power to create a weight and weariness in the minds of his enemies to deter them from approaching his land. The Three Hunters suffer from it but, aware that it’s caused by Saruman, don’t allow despair to prevent them from carrying out their mission.
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Legolas wakes up Aragorn and Gimli, claiming that something strange awaits them by the forest and that they’re called to it. They set off again. Aragorn, examining the tracks, determines that they’re over a day behind the orcs. Gimli comments that his body wouldn’t feel so tired if he weren’t so disheartened. While Legolas walks as lightly as ever, Gimli and Aragorn are weary. As night falls, Legolas urges them to rest and not to give up hope.
Saruman’s magic specifically attacks the Three Hunters’ emotions, making them spiritually weary, but that weariness affects their physical capabilities in the same way that great physical strain or a direct attack would. The enemy recognizes that despair defeats people, a tactic the Hunters must intentionally resist.
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On the fourth morning of their chase, Aragorn, noticing a shadow in the distance, lies on the ground to listen to the earth and tells his companions that riders on swift horses are approaching. Legolas, with his elven eyesight, agrees and adds that “there are one hundred and five. Yellow is their hair and bright are their spears.” When Aragorn, amused, calls the eyesight of the elves “keen,” Legolas argues that the riders aren’t very far away.
Legolas, significantly less affected by Saruman’s magic than Aragorn or Gimli, is far more cheerful than his companions. His ability to joke around and poke fun at Aragorn, even under such dire circumstances, is a welcome and necessary reprieve for Aragorn and Gimli, who labor under stress and weariness. Legolas’s lightheartedness is as important to their continued quest as Aragorn’s decision-making and Gimli’s steadfast determination.
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The riders are approaching the Three Hunters along the same trail that the orcs were taking the other way, but Legolas can’t see any hobbits among them. Though Gimli is wary of being attacked by the riders, Aragorn decides to wait and ask them for news. Aragorn knows the men of Rohan, old allies of Gondor—they are proud and bold, yet generous. Gimli says he heard a rumor from Gandalf that they pay tribute to Mordor, but Aragorn doesn’t believe it.
Aragorn judges the riders not on what they might do but rather on the ancient values of their society. Though he knows that Middle-earth is in a decline, partially caused by a loss of virtue and courtesy among the nations of men, he refuses to believe that Rohan has sunk so far into corruption that they would bow to Mordor or attack harmless travelers. While it’s true that optimism is a vital shield against the enemy’s weaponization of fear and despair, Aragorn’s judgement of the riders seems possibly idealized, even unrealistic, especially following Gimli’s logical caution.
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The riders of Rohan—tall, stern men on proud horses—thunder past. When they appear not to notice the Three Hunters, Aragorn stands and calls out to them, asking for news from the north. The host of riders turns with great speed and charges back, surrounding the Three Hunters in a circle of running horses. Suddenly, the men halt and level their spears and bows at the three companions. The tallest man, who wears a helm with a white horsetail, points a spear at Aragorn and demands to know who he is and why he’s in the land. Aragorn introduces himself as Strider, and says he is in Rohan to hunt orcs.
The riders of Rohan look the part of the bold heroes Aragorn described to his companions. Still, it appears that Gimli may have been right about their intentions when the riders surround and threaten the Three Hunters. The leader of the riders is brusque and just as suspicious of the Three Hunters as Gimli is of him. The riders’ behavior reflects necessary caution in such dangerous times—or, possibly, that Rohan has sided with Sauron after all.
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The leader of the horsemen dismounts and says that the three companions must not know much about orcs if they plan to hunt them on foot. Finding Aragorn suspicious, he questions him about his name, his clothes, and how it was that the riders didn’t notice him until he spoke. Aragorn replies that they have passed through Lothlórien and taken the gifts of the Lady with them.  The rider is briefly entranced by the mention of Galadriel, then accuses them of being sorcerers and asks why Gimli and Legolas don’t speak for themselves.
Like many men of Middle-earth, the leader of the riders of Rohan is both amazed and slightly frightened by the idea that legendary characters such as Galadriel are active in the world again. It implies that things are imminently changing in Middle-earth, in spite of (or even because of) its slow decline. The lead riders’ fear of Galadriel is in itself an indication of the world’s decline. That is, the realms of men have stopped collaborating with the other races of Middle-earth and instead keep to themselves, growing insular, wary, and suspicious.
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Gimli insists that the rider give his name first. The man says he is Éomer son of Éomund. Gimli introduces himself as well, then insults Éomer’s intellect and warns him against speaking ill of Galadriel. Éomer threatens to cut off Gimli’s head if he only stood “a little higher from the ground.” Legolas is quick to defend Gimli, fitting an arrow in his bow. Éomer raises his sword, but Aragorn jumps between them, asking Éomer to hear their tale before he attacks.
Gimli is overzealous in his defense of Galadriel’s honor and almost starts the fight he initially wanted to avoid with the riders of Rohan. Even so, his insistence on respect and courtesy is emblematic of the better days of Middle-earth, which Éomer recognizes and concedes to as well. The tense exchange (with a note of humor) hints that Rohan isn’t in utter decline. 
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As Éomer lowers his sword, Aragorn asks if he is a friend or enemy of Sauron. Éomer answers that he serves only Théoden King of Rohan and that his people desire to be free and not serve a foreign land. When he asks who Aragorn serves, Aragorn responds that he serves no man. He hunts down the Orcs out of necessity, because they have taken two of his friends.
Though Éomer swears that he doesn’t serve Sauron and that his nation doesn’t intend to ally with him, he doesn’t claim that Rohan intends to oppose Sauron, either. In the approaching worldwide fight between good and evil, Rohan hasn’t yet picked a side, instead preferring to keep to themselves—another reflection of the decline of the nations of men from their former righteousness.
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Aragorn throws aside his cloak and unsheathes the sword Andúril, declaring himself Aragorn, the heir of Isildur and demands, “Will you aid me or thwart me? Choose swiftly!” To Gimli and Legolas, watching amazed, Aragorn seems to have grown in stature before their eyes. In Aragorn’s face is the power of his ancestors, the kings carved of stone, and Legolas sees a flash of a white flame on his forehead like a crown. Éomer steps back in awe, muttering that these are days in which old legends walk again.
There hasn’t been a king of Gondor for generations. When Aragorn reveals himself, claiming his identity as the heir to the throne of Gondor, he seems to have stepped directly out of Middle-earth’s noble and moral past. His greatness and heroism are briefly visible in his manner and on his face, the internal qualities visibly expressed.
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Éomer asks what brings Aragorn here and what fate he brings with him. Aragorn says that Théoden has a choice: to go to war either with or against Sauron. Aragorn adds that he will come to present this choice to Théoden later if he can. For now, though, he wants news of the orcs that took his friends. Éomer tells him that the Rohirrim have killed all the orcs and burned their bodies. Éomer didn’t see the hobbits among the orcs.
Aragorn understands that Rohan must take a side in the coming conflict. The men of the world have spent the past generations concerned only with their own affairs rather than tending to the world as a whole. Because of this, Sauron was able to rise to power again unnoticed. Now, if the world as they know it is to survive, all the nations and races must join to fight against him.
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Another rider laughs at the mention of the halflings, whom he thinks are just an old children’s tale, and asks if they walk in legends or in daylight. Aragorn replies that it is possible to walk in both, since the generations to come will see this current generation as legends. The same rider urges Éomer to hurry south, but Éomer tells him to assemble the riders on the path, leaving him alone to speak to the Three Hunters.
Rather than showing respect for what he doesn’t understand, or awe for the wonderful and strange things in the world, the scornful rider discounts an entire race of people as a children’s story. Many of the men of the world have become incurious and ignored the teachings of legend. Aragorn, who has great respect for old legends and tales, understands that those tales are based in experience and wisdom; therefore ignoring them imperils everyone.
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When Aragorn reveals that he set out with Boromir and Gandalf in a company, Éomer warns him that Gandalf is no longer in Théoden’s favor because he took the king’s horse Shadowfax. Gandalf is a “herald of strange events: a bringer of evil, some now say.” It was after Gandalf came to Rohan in the summer, warning that Isengard was preparing for war, that they began to have trouble with Saruman. Aragorn tells Éomer that the reason Shadowfax has returned to Rohan is because of Gandalf’s death in the Mines of Moria—a greater loss than anyone in the land understands.
While, to the Fellowship and most of their allies, Gandalf is a figure who brings wisdom, help, and comfort in their times of trial, Rohan has a different opinion of him. Théoden’s perception of Gandalf as a bringer of evil rather than a bringer of aid is a strong indication that something is wrong in Rohan. The fact that Saruman is causing trouble in the area hints that he might be behind this mistrustful attitude.  
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Aragorn tells Éomer that Boromir, too, is dead, killed by the orcs they were hunting. Éomer calls Boromir a worthy man and mourns his death, then praises Aragorn for his swiftness in crossing forty-five leagues in five days, naming him “Wingfoot.” Though Éomer has to hurry back to Théoden, he promises that Rohan doesn’t pay tribute to Sauron and will not forget their old alliance with Gondor. Years ago, Sauron wanted to buy horses from Rohan, who refused. Sauron sent orcs to steal black horses and use them for evil purposes.
Éomer reveals himself to be a man with the values (if not the manners) of bygone years. Though Théoden might not officially agree to aid Gondor in the coming war with Sauron, Éomer takes it upon himself to pledge Rohan’s aid. Though he is loyal to his king, he and his country also have a duty to stand with Middle-earth against a great enemy. Rohan has the misfortune of being plagued by both Saruman and Sauron at once, possibly explaining why Rohan has only concerned itself with its own affairs in recent days.
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Recently, Rohan has been at war with Saruman, who walks around in disguise as an old man much like Gandalf, dressed in a hood and cloak, and has many spies. Éomer implies that there might be spies in the king’s house and invites Aragorn to come and aid them. Aragorn promises to come when he can but refuses to desert the hobbits, even when Éomer urges him to come fight in the battle happening now on the Westemnet.
Éomer suspects that Saruman might be directly responsible for Rohan’s troubles, both by sending orc armies into their fields and by meddling in Théoden’s own house. Feeling unequipped to solve the problem personally, Éomer requests Aragorn’s aid in both places—as both a diplomat and a soldier. Aragorn, however, is mindful of his duty to the other members of the Fellowship.
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Éomer admits that he took the men of his household to kill the orcs without the king’s permission and left his house with little protection. He needs to hurry back and asks Aragorn a final time to accompany him since there is no hope for his friends—he and his men left none of the orcs alive. Aragorn reminds him that the hobbits have the power of the elvish cloaks which enable them to go unnoticed even in daylight.
Though Éomer is deeply loyal to Théoden, he, like Aragorn, finds himself with conflicting duties. In this case, his duty to maintain the safety of his nation supersedes his duty to Théoden, leading him to disobey orders.
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Éomer says the world has gone strange: men speak to Galadriel and live, and the sword that was broken in the ages of legend returns to war. He wonders how a man can “judge what to do in such times.” Aragorn tells him that good and evil remain unchanged; a man must judge as he always has. Once his quest of finding the hobbits is achieved, Aragorn vows to Éomer that he will come talk to Théoden. Though Éomer says that he should not let strangers wander freely on Rohan’s lands, he lends the Three Hunters horses and parts ways with them.
Aragorn’s understanding of morality is simple and straightforward. No matter how the world may change or decline, no matter how strange or how complicated it may grow, it’s still every person’s duty to determine right from wrong and act accordingly. That has never changed and will never change, no matter the circumstances. In response, Éomer does just that, determining for himself the just course of action, and permits the Three Hunters to continue on their journey.
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Quotes
In the late afternoon, the Three Hunters reach the edge of Fangorn forest where they find the ashes of the orcs burned by the Rohirrim. By nightfall, they have found no sign of the hobbits, and Gimli believes their bodies were burned with the orcs. He remembers that Elrond was against the hobbits coming with the Fellowship and says that Gandalf’s “foresight failed him” in bringing them. Aragorn responds that Gandalf’s recommendation was not based on safety and that some things are worth attempting despite the danger of a dark end.
Gimli has entirely given up hope of finding the hobbits alive. His despair closes his mind to other possibilities besides the worst he can think of—that the hobbits were killed accidentally and needlessly with their captors. Gimli searches for someone to blame, but as Aragorn points out, the hobbits knew the risks of joining the Fellowship and freely chose to devote themselves to its mission.  
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The Three Hunters make camp and Aragorn warns Gimli against cutting living wood from Fangorn to start a fire. When they do build a fire from dead wood they gather, the tree above them seems to bend and take comfort in the warmth. Legolas recalls that Celeborn warned them not to go too far into Fangorn, which is old even for the elves. While keeping watch as the others sleep, Gimli sees the figure of an old man in a cloak and hat just outside the firelight. He wakes Legolas and Aragorn, but the figure disappears, and they realize their horses are gone. Gimli believes the figure was Saruman, but Aragorn is less certain. The night passes, and neither the horses nor the old man return.
The stories the Three Hunters have heard about Fangorn give the sense that the forest is both sentient and dangerous. Middle-earth itself is aware of the harm being done to its natural landscape and has the capacity, in certain places, to feel and express anger about its mistreatment. Fangorn serves as one of those mouthpieces to express the pain of the land. The natural landscapes of Middle-earth long preceded most of the Free Peoples who live in them now, yet they face swiftly approaching ecological disaster if Sauron or Saruman takes control.
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