The Vendor of Sweets

by

R. K. Narayan

The Vendor of Sweets: Chapter 8 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
The next day, the bearded man brings Jagan to a remote shrine by a pond in overgrown, wooded surroundings. When Jagan notes how silent the area is, the bearded man replies that you can hear traffic noise now—it used to be that you wouldn’t meet a soul in these mountains but would only see people if you walked all the way into town. Jagan asked why he and his master lived up here, and the bearded man explains that the stone available nearby was good for carving.
The shrine used to be quieter but is now disturbed by traffic noise. This fact is symbolic of how the new generation’s focus on commercial activity is crowding out religious contemplation and other spiritual activities.
Themes
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
When Jagan asks how the master fed his family up here, the bearded man explains that the master had no family—he adopted the bearded man when the man was five. Jagan suspects that the master may have fathered the bearded man with a sex worker but keeps this thought to himself. He also wonders why the bearded man lets his beard grow so white if he makes hair dyes—but, rather than asking that, he asks after the bearded man’s business. The man says it’s fine, as he hasn’t yet dealt with tax inspectors. Jagan recalls his own disturbing encounters with tax people and tax evasion; he thinks that he would have paid his sales taxes if Gandhi had told him to, but as far as he knows Gandhi didn’t talk about that.
Just as Jagan eats an ascetic, sugar-free diet but runs a fried sweet shop, so the bearded man sells hair dyes but lets his own beard grow white. This parallel indicates that people engaged in commercial activity are sometimes ambivalent about the value of what they do or sell—suggesting that wealth and success in the commercial sphere may be less central to the good life than people’s actions suggest they are.
Themes
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
The bearded man jokes that the tax people will notice his business once they “notice fewer gray hairs around.” At this point, Jagan comments on the man’s white beard. The bearded man says he has no desire to dye his beard and would never have worked in hair dye if he could have been an image-maker—but his master was supporting him financially, and after his master died, he walked into town and started his business. He feels his life was much better before.
The bearded man here states explicitly what was implicit in his earlier comments: he wants to be a religious image-maker but needs to make money to live. And so, he has settled for participating in a commercial activity, selling hair dyes, in which he has little interest and for which he has little respect. Commercial activity of questionable value is crowding out religion and spirituality from the characters’ lives.
Themes
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
The bearded man walks into the sanctuary, points out an empty alcove to Jagan, and tells him that his master wanted to carve the goddess Gayatri for the space. In fact, his master had already chosen the stone for the statue. Abruptly, the bearded man goes looking for the chosen stone. Jagan, walking after him, feels as though he has traveled back in time, far away from his own business and Mali’s ventures. As the bearded man searches, he points out to Jagan various empty pedestals and broken pieces that used to contain or be gods’ images—and Jagan has a sudden, overwhelming feeling that his humdrum existence has been incredibly “narrow” and that he is approaching “a new janma.”
Gayatri is the Hindu goddess of the Gayatri mantra, a famous and ceremonially important Hindu prayer. Jagan senses that the shrine is transporting him away from the modern era and humdrum commercial activity, which implies that devout religiosity conflicts with 20th century social mores and global capitalism. A “janma” is a birth, so when Jagan feels that he is approaching “a new janma,” he means that he senses a spiritual rebirth approaching that will free him from his “narrow” existence.
Themes
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
Quotes
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The bearded man offers Jagan a piece of fruit from a nearby guava tree. Jagan takes it but tells the bearded man he doesn’t eat sugar or salt. When the bearded man asks why, Jagan begins to talk about his book and the printer Nataraj, which doesn’t at all interest the bearded man, as he is more “used to inscriptions on stone and on palmyra leaf.” Jagan takes one bite of the guava and drops it, recalling how he ate fruit all the time as a child until his father chopped down the guava tree in their own back yard.
Though Jagan seems to consider his dietary restrictions vaguely spiritual, the bearded man’s utter lack of interest in them suggests that Jagan’s dietary restrictions may be a form of bogus spirituality rather than a genuinely religious practice. The bearded man’s association with “inscriptions on stone and on palmyra leaf”—earlier forms of transmitting writing than paper books—represents his pre-modern commitments and his opposition to the commercialization of art and literature inherent in Mali’s story-writing machines.
Themes
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
Wrapped up in these thoughts, Jagan loses track of the bearded man until the bearded man asks whether Jagan is paying attention. When Jagan claims he is, the man bewails that they haven’t found the stone—and then remembers where it is. They go down to the pond—and as they do, Jagan suddenly worries that the bearded man will drown him in this remote spot and then tell the townspeople he vanished. Jagan is almost tempted by the idea of dying to avoid his problems. He wonders how he will be reincarnated and concludes, “Anything but a money-making sweet-maker with a spoilt son.”
Jagan is so sick of conflict with his “spoilt son” Mali that he fantasizes about the bearded man murdering him—a fantasy implying that in some moods, Jagan would rather die than confront Mali directly and have a real, definitive argument with him. Meanwhile, Jagan’s contemptuous reference to himself as a “money-making sweet-maker” shows his growing unease with his own commercial activity.
Themes
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
The bearded man orders Jagan to reach into the pool and feel around. Beneath the water, the bearded man grabs Jagan’s hand, startling him, and places it on the stone—which, he explains, his master put in the pond for “water treatment.” He bullies the rather weak-feeling Jagan into helping him lift the stone from the water and carry it up some steps to the grass. When Jagan has recovered from the exertion, the bearded man shows him the outline of the 10-armed goddess that his master had sketched on the stone. The bearded man begins telling Jagan a story about the goddess; when Jagan interrupts, saying he knows the story, the bearded man says that everyone does—but it’s good to hear it repeated.
“Water treatment” of stone involves long, slow erosion; the centrality of water treatment to the creation of this religious image suggests that religion operates on a different, slower timescale than the frenetic commercial activity characteristic of the modern era. Meanwhile, the bearded man’s claim that it’s good to hear religious stories repeated poses an implicit opposition between religion and traditional art on the one hand, and Mali’s story-writing machines on the other (as their purpose is to create many new and disposable commercial novels).
Themes
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
The bearded man says he’ll die happy if he can spend the rest of his life carving this statue. When Jagan asks how old he is, the bearded man asks him to guess—but when Jagan, confused, demurs, the man announces that he’s 69 and prepared to die at 70 if he can complete the statue and put it on the empty pedestal. He and Jagan discuss whether he’ll be able to finish the statue in a year—and then he breaks into an excited description of the goddess and the objects she holds in her 10 hands, a description that leaves Jagan wonderstruck.
The bearded man wants to devote the short rest of his life to making a religious image, showing the centrality of religion to his value system. Implicitly, it is this devoutness that leaves Jagan wonderstruck when the bearded man explains to him in rapturous detail how he wants to design the statue of the goddess.
Themes
Religion Theme Icon
Suddenly, the bearded man tells Jagan that only Jagan can help him complete the goddess—by purchasing the property and installing the statue. When Jagan hesitates, the bearded man points at him threateningly and said that it seemed having “a retreat like this” would help Jagan. Jagan agrees that he would like a retreat and a drastic change. The bearded man expands on this idea, claiming that eventually, all old people must retreat from the world, ceding it to new generations. Jagan wants to say more about what he wants, but he is unwilling to explain the pain that Mali has caused him.
The bearded man, like Mali, has approached Jagan to ask him to invest—but whereas Mali wants Jagan to invest in commercial activity characteristic of the new generation, the bearded man wants Jagan to cede worldly, commercial affairs to the new generation and devote himself wholly to religion. Yet Jagan, at this point still a poor communicator, neither definitively agrees to the bearded man’s proposal nor shares the feelings the proposal brings up.
Themes
Communication vs. Fear Theme Icon
Generational Difference Theme Icon
Commerce, Taste, and the Good Life Theme Icon
Religion Theme Icon
Quotes