The Waves

by

Virginia Woolf

The Waves: Chapter 14 Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
One morning, while shaving, Bernard has a bit of a midlife crisis. It’s not so much that he feels time is speeding up as it’s coming to a point, and he’s spent the past years in a sort of habitual daze. Without really realizing what he’s doing, he books a 10-day trip to Rome. In the eternal city, he sees that life is very much the same everywhere, as the people passing by in the streets and in the countryside are not unlike the people in England. But he feels himself separated from them, as if he’s recovering from a long illness.
Bernard has never been able to define himself in isolation, so it’s fitting that his midlife crisis trip would take him to a busy city like Rome. Here he gains as much distance as he’s capable of—among people, but not people to whom he’s connected by nationality or language. The fact that Rome is known as the “eternal city” merely reinforces the idea that growing old and dying are part of the eternal cycle of life and death. Death is a natural part of life, and so it should be respected, not feared.
Themes
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Facing Loss and Death Theme Icon
In some ways, Bernard feels as if he’s changed—like he sheds his own skin periodically. But in others, he recognizes that he’s the same old person as before. He still carries a notebook with him, still captures images and neat turns of phrase that appeal to him, still hasn’t managed to weave these together into the life-defining book he used to imagine he’d write one day. Talking to himself, encouraging himself to embrace this next chapter of his life, Bernard goes to a café for lunch where, much to his surprise, he recognizes a man whom he once knew as a schoolboy.
Bernard continues to actively consider his own identity. His perspective aligns most closely with the book’s, which claims that there are some elemental and unchangeable aspects to a person’s character (Bernard is unlikely to live the life of a solitary hermit, for example) but that in general, identity is fluid rather than fixed. Because of this, it's often necessary to reassess and update one’s understanding of oneself as one’s circumstances change. Seeing an old schoolfellow reinforces the feeling that although things around Bernard (and Bernard) continue to change, they don’t change too much.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
The Meaning of Life  Theme Icon
On a hot afternoon, Susan surveys her life with contentment. She no longer feels the powerful emotions of her childhood—the extreme love and hate—but rather feels balanced, rooted, and peaceful. She has planted and nurtured trees, flowers, crops, and her sons and daughters, and she feels satisfied with what she has accomplished. She measures her life in Christmases and jars of preserves and bags of mushrooms stored away to eat later, and in memorials she has made for those who have died. She wonders what could disturb this calmness, where disruption could come from. But still, sometimes her contentment itself threatens to smother her. Sometimes she misses the keen feelings of her childhood, the sharpness of its images and experiences.
Where Bernard feels his life reaching a point of crisis, Susan finds hers reaching a culmination. She stands in a fertile, late-summer garden that metaphorically reflects the abundance of her experience. She has done what she set out to do—what she felt called by the cycles of nature itself to do. And she can look back on her life with contentment. But, the book insists, Susan’s domestic life has involved a costly trade, too, for she has lost some of the acuity of vision her friends maintain. Again, the book presents the lives of the six friends in such a way that each offers lessons about how to live, but no one method is singled out as the only—or even best—way to exist.
Themes
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Sometimes Susan thinks of Elvedon and the imaginative games she played there with Bernard. Sometimes she thinks of Percival, who loved her and who died in India so many years earlier. But generally, she doesn’t dwell on the past. She matter-of-factly prunes the dead blooms from her flower gardens and thinks with satisfaction about her achievements.
Susan can still access some of those primal, childhood experiences of unity with her friends, such as when she felt herself wholly (and physically) drawn into the imaginary worlds Bernard created. But she forthrightly acknowledges death and loss as parts of life, and she handles this knowledge in businesslike way as she clips the dead flower heads from their stalks.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Facing Loss and Death Theme Icon
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Jinny is standing in a station of the London Underground, at the beating heart of the city, amid a crowd of intrepid people. She inadvertently catches sight of her reflection, and it shocks her because she is no longer as young and beautiful as before. She momentarily feels her own mortality. Then, with pride, she asserts herself. She composes her face and looks again, confident in her ability to attract people, even if it requires more work now than once it did. She belongs to a proud and mighty people (the British), and she won’t be cowed by anything in the world. She drives to her house and places cut flowers in vases in preparation for the evening’s party. Both old friends and new men will attend the party, because sometimes when she says “come,” men still do.
This moment recreates an earlier one in which Jinny unexpectedly saw herself in a mirror at boarding school. In that moment, she felt dissatisfaction because she didn’t think herself as pretty as Susan and Rhoda. After she entered society, she became wholly confident in her beauty and her ability to attract a man. But now, her external appearance is changing—the natural consequence of a life focused on the surfaces of things is that it’s harder for Jinny to find meaning as she ages. She finds refuge, interestingly, in national pride—the same questionable notion for which Percival died. In a way, this subtly insinuates that national pride might be as superficial as physical vanity. 
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Colonialism and Conquest Theme Icon
Neville passes Jinny’s house as her latest eager beau arrives. He notices the younger man but passes on. Once, his youthful passions tormented him. Now, they are calmer. He feels free and peaceful. Looking at the world, he sees life as one eternal poem. Everyone has their part to play in it. Tortured souls, like Rhoda and Louis, aren’t content to just play their role in the drama. They want to understand it, to transcend life or to escape it. But Neville knows this is impossible. He listens with attention to the poem of life, working hard to discern its often-occult meaning. This requires patience and care. But this attentive listening satisfies Neville.
Like Bernard and Susan (and unlike Jinny, whom readers have just seen hard at work trying to maintain her equanimity) Neville also finds more peace as he gets older. This suggests that growing old isn’t something one should fear, but rather a natural and potentially positive aspect of life. Like Bernard, Neville has found contentment in a balance between inquiry into the meaning of life and into himself and letting the cycles of life happen around him.
Themes
The Meaning of Life  Theme Icon
Facing Loss and Death Theme Icon
Quotes
Louis has become more and more successful as the years have gone on, yet he still feels like an outcast in society, unable to prove himself or to rise above his provincial roots. Rhoda was his lover once. He felt like she understood him a little, but she left him. His latest mistress is a cockney-accented actress whom he looks down on. Coming home from the office, he takes down a book of poetry and attempts to make sense of his life through an antique poem about the western wind. He’s not even sure he can make sense of life, but to the extent he can, he thinks the point is to see how the threads of an individual’s—and his or her society’s—history weave together. From this point of view, death starts to seem unreal, even though Louis still thinks of Percival’s death.
Louis remains trapped in his inability to transcend petty ideas of nationalism and belonging. He’s still obsessed with his foreignness, and this keeps him focused on unhappiness even though he’s clearly had a successful life. The fact that he’s picked his current mistress because she allows him to feel superior suggests that he still hasn’t come to terms with his identity. In fact, he’s just further entrenched it: by clinging to an awareness of being different, he’s made himself different. Still, he contributes to the book’s general considerations on the meaning of life by locating what joy he has in his relationships with his friends. And he shows maturity in imagining life as a larger tapestry than just a single individual.
Themes
The Meaning of Life  Theme Icon
Facing Loss and Death Theme Icon
Colonialism and Conquest Theme Icon
Quotes
Somewhere in southern Spain, riding a mule to the top of a mountain from which she will be able to glimpse Africa, Rhoda considers her enduring discomfort with “life” and “human beings.” For many years she capitulated to the pressure to imitate others, to try to fit into life as most people live it. But she never succeeded. She became Louis’s lover but left him because she feared being trapped by his embraces. She remembers her epiphany in the music hall after Percival’s death about the square house on the oblong of reality, a house she wishes to escape. She feels herself dissolving, but she can’t escape reality. She notices the trees and buildings around her. She dismounts and places her hand on the solid door of the inn.
Like Bernard, Rhoda takes a trip, too. Unlike Bernard, hers is a solitary pilgrimage. In the flow of the story, it comes on the heels of Louis’s impassioned description of the interconnected nature of life. He may not be as welcomed into community as he wishes, but he at least sees himself as part of humanity, in stark contrast to Rhoda, who is becoming ever more tenuously attached to it. In a way, her pilgrimage to the remote inn suggests a funeral march and it thus anticipates her death. At the end, she returns to reality when she places her hand on the wall of the inn, but this section gives the distinct impression that this return to reality is becoming increasingly difficult for her.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Facing Loss and Death Theme Icon