Three Day Road

Three Day Road

by

Joseph Boyden

Three Day Road: Pasitew: Fire Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Xavier wakes to the sound of Niska’s paddle skimming the water. He looks to the riverbank and notices the obvious line “where the great fire tired out and stopped.” Xavier tries to sit up. “Elijah and I found a dead moose not far from here,” he says. “It had roasted in the fire. We were hungry and ate a part of it.” The bush has grown tremendously since the fire. Fire can be “good for the bush” and “makes it come back more fully. Not back in France, though, Xavier thinks. At Ypres and the Somme, “the earth is so wrecked with shells and poison gas that nothing good will ever grow again,” Xavier thinks.
In 1916, a massive fire, known as the Matheson Fire, swept through Northern Ontario, Canada. On July 29, several smaller fires converged near Iroquois Falls, Ontario and burned nearly 40 square miles. Many people survived by going into the Black River (like Elijah and Xavier do), but 223 people were killed in the blaze. It is impossible to know if this is the same fire Boyden intended Xavier and Elijah to encounter, but it is still evidence of what it takes to survive in the bush.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Xavier closes his eyes and is back with Elijah in the bush. They are tracking a lynx, and after following the tracks all the way to the river, the cat’s tracks suddenly disappear. Elijah says the river washed away the tracks. He speaks in English instead of Cree because the wemistikoshiw “tongue is better for lies.” 
The lynx is Niska’s spirit animal, and Niska later plays a similar trick on the wemistikoshiw trapper. She conceals her tracks to confuse the trapper, and here Boyden implies that Niska is keeping an eye on the boys (with the help of her spirit animal) as they travel to town to join the army.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Xavier and Elijah follow the river south. Xavier has never been this far from home. On the horizon, grey clouds hover and bits of ash fall from the sky. Smoke settles over the ground, and it is difficult to breath. “The world is burning,” Elijah says. “Let’s paddle closer.” Xavier knows this idea is “foolish,” but it does little good to argue with Elijah.
The violence of the fire mirrors the violence of the war that Elijah and Xavier are heading into. When Elijah claims “the world is burning,” this isn’t entirely untrue. Fires burn throughout France, and as Xavier later notes, it is indeed “foolish” to “paddle closer” to France and the war.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
After traveling the river for some time, Xavier and Elijah make camp. During the night they hear “booming in the distance like an elder’s drum,” and Xavier can feel the percussion in his body. “Get up,” Elijah yells as ash falls around them. “We’ve got to get to the canoe!” They jump into the river and float alongside the canoe with their heads just above water to escape the smoke. They place a wet blanket over the canoe to keep it from catching fire and make their way against the current. After pushing the canoe through the flaming bush for what feels like an eternity, the smoke begins to thin. “It’s getting lighter out,” Elijah says. 
Again, the fire mimics the sounds of war. It “booms in the distance” and Xavier can feel the percussion in his body, something that he grows very accustomed to during the war as the bombs and shellfire continually fall. Xavier’s comparison of the sounds of the fire to “an elder’s drum” also reflects Xavier’s cultural connection to nature and land. He understands the natural world in terms of his culture and people.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
Get the entire Three Day Road LitChart as a printable PDF.
Three Day Road PDF
Elijah and Xavier continue down the river, and Elijah notices a “hulk” on the riverbank. The smell of cooked meat touches their noses and teases their hungry stomachs. It is a huge bull moose, “charred and blackened” by the fire. They pull up to it and Xavier cuts a bit of meat from the animal’s hind end. “Good,” Xavier says after tasting it. They eat their fill and rest for the first time in hours. The bush is scorched for miles and “continues to smoke angrily.” They decide to camp for the night. 
This is further evidence of what it takes to survive in the bush. The fire has more than likely chased off most of the game. The smoke spreads for miles, and the chances of Xavier and Elijah finding something else to eat are slim. Xavier is cautious as he approaches the animal (it is not an ideal meal), but he is hungry and must eat the moose to survive.
Themes
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon
To pass the time, Elijah teaches Xavier English. The nuns had taught Elijah to speak English at the reserve school and “soon learned to regret” it. They would “just shake their heads hopelessly at the pretty little boy who could speak their tongue like one of their bishops.” Elijah could talk his way out of anything on the reserve and frequently did. “What if they mistake us for Plains Cree and give us horses to ride?” Xavier asks Elijah through the darkness. “Are they going to teach us to fight their way or will they just send us over there?” Elijah is quiet. “I don’t know,” he says.  
Popular Indian stereotypes place Indians on horseback, riding the open plains, but many hunting tribes don’t have horses, nor do they know how to ride them. This harkens to the image of the “ideal” Indian that Xavier doesn’t live up to. He is made to feel less authentic because he doesn’t fit the wemistikoshiw stereotypes of Indigenous people. Elijah’s use of English underscores the power of language—Elijah speaks English well and uses it to his advantage.
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
The cry of a lynx wakes Elijah and Xavier. The cries surround them and sound “hurt,” like “a mother who’s lost her children.” They follow the tracks, and again the tracks disappear. Elijah says the cat jumped into the water, but Xavier does “not believe him.” By the end of the day, they arrive on the outskirts of a town. “We’ll camp and go into there in the morning,” Elijah says. Xavier agrees. “Will they make us cut our hair short?” Xavier asks. “I don’t know,” Elijah answers again. “Do you think the Canadians will separate us, Elijah?” Xavier asks. Elijah is quiet for a long time. “They’d better not,” he answers.
Boyden again implies that the lynx is Niska. Niska has (mostly) raised both Xavier and Elijah and they are like her “children.” Elijah and Xavier are going off to war, and Niska understands that they may be killed. The lynx’s cries are Niska mourning the loss of Xavier and Elijah. Xavier’s concern about his hair is like Niska’s experience in the residential school. Elijah and Xavier wear their hair long, in the traditional way, but the army makes them cut it to conform to wemistikoshiw ways. 
Themes
Racism and Assimilation Theme Icon
Nature, War, and Survival Theme Icon