When testing a new, very sensitive microwave detector in 1965 at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey, Penzias and Wilson discovered that the universe gives off a uniform level of background microwave radiation. This confirmed Alexander Friedmann’sidea that the universe looks the same in every direction, as well as suggestions that light from the early universe should be so red-shifted that it would now be detected only as microwave radiation. Penzias and Wilson won the Nobel Prize in 1978 for their findings.