As an orphan, and later as an officer during the war, Stephen’s life is full of loss and pain, and his coded journals are an effort to hide his painful past. The coded journals reflect society’s broader efforts to cover up or obscure painful history. Additionally, his “quick temper” and distrust of his own actions implies humankind’s potential to commit terrible acts. Stephen is mindful of this danger, and his journal allows him to further reflect on his actions, which is in keeping with Faulks’s overall argument for the commemoration of history and war. Again, nature, in the form of rain and birdcalls, continues on with complete disregard for Stephen.