Look Both Ways

by

Jason Reynolds

Summary
Analysis
Cynthia “Say-So” Sower invites her classmates to gather round and let her make them laugh. She invites her teacher, Mrs. Stevens, to listen too. Mrs. Stevens is at her desk. Giving Cynthia the last five minutes of class to put on her show is the only way to keep Cynthia from derailing the entire class. If she doesn’t get this time, Cynthia inevitably starts in on a humorous monologue that’s tangentially related to math class. One was about how negative numbers deserve empathy, since “no one should ever feel lower than zero.” Every monologue ended with Cynthia racing out of the classroom dramatically to return a moment later as if nothing happened. Mrs. Stevens chased her and threatened to write her up at first, but she likes Cynthia’s jokes. So she and Cynthia struck this deal.
Mrs. Stevens shows how important supportive teachers are: she supports Cynthia’s love of performing comedy, and in exchange, she gets to hear Cynthia’s jokes. She also gets to teach everyone about math without being interrupted. The fact that Cynthia’s tangential monologues seem to line up with the lesson’s subject matter also show that Cynthia isn’t just goofing off. She’s taking what she’s learning from Mrs. Stevens and is looking at the information in a different, humorous way.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Back in the present, Cynthia asks her classmates to agree with her that “shirt” is a strange word. She heard that long ago, a clothes maker invented the garment and he initially called it an arm-belly-chest cloth. But that was too long, so he shortened it to ABC—but then the ABC song came out and it was too confusing. One night, at a dinner party, the clothes maker’s friends all tried the garment on and loved it, but they all hated the name. The clothes maker was an anxious eater; he started shoving bread in his mouth as his friends asked him what he wanted to call the garment. Finally—Cynthia pauses for dramatic effect—the clothes maker said, through a mouthful of bread, “Shirt, I don’t know!” Mrs. Stevens tries not to laugh as she says that Cynthia’s time is up.
Today, though, Cynthia gets to tell a joke that has nothing to do with math, so she has more options in terms of subject matter. But again, she shows that she’s making connections between different things that she’s learning about, from the alphabet to where her clothes came from. And the punchline of this joke also ties in with some of the ideas that other stories in the collection explore, such as how fear can lead to humor. Just as Satchmo’s plan to escape the dog was funny, in a way, the clothes maker’s exclamation also becomes humorous.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Cynthia’s mom works during the day and attends night school. She used to read to baby Cynthia from her night school textbooks. She’s Cynthia’s hero, though Cynthia’s mom is too busy to save Cynthia, or even laugh at Cynthia’s jokes. Cynthia’s grandfather, on the other hand, is her superhero. Cynthia believes he’s incredible. Most people think of him as just an ex-soldier who used to own the liquor store. He used to flip over crates and put on comedy shows in his store.
Outside of school, Cynthia also has a robust support network. Her mom demonstrates grit and resiliency by applying herself to school for Cynthia’s whole life. However, it doesn’t seem as though Cynthia always appreciates her mom’s hard work, since the tone here is somewhat sad—Cynthia wants her mom to laugh at her jokes. This is why she’s so close to her grandfather: they both love comedy. 
Themes
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Cynthia is named for her grandfather, whose name is Cinder. He’d always say he’s Cinder as in “cinder block,” not like Cinderella. But really, he has elements of both Cinderella and cinder blocks in him. He’s tough, but also soft. He adored baby Cynthia, made the babbling little girl his sidekick, and gave her her nickname, Say-So.
Describing Cinder as both tough and soft—and as a constant caregiver for his granddaughter—adds more depth to his previous description as a liquor store owner. In addition to owning his business, he’s also dedicating himself to his family and allowing Cynthia’s mom, who’s either his daughter or his daughter-in-law, to attend school.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Get the entire Look Both Ways LitChart as a printable PDF.
Look Both Ways PDF
Cinder’s girlfriend, Miss Fran, was a mail lady. She’d always stop by his store in the middle of one of his routines, and her laugh—and the obvious love between her and Cinder—made men in the store jealous. On her Saturday visits, she’d always catch Cynthia marching around. Miss Fran would stick stamps on Cynthia’s cheeks and threaten to mail her to Ookabooka Land, which made Cynthia scream. Miss Fran died when Cynthia was seven, and after her death, Cinder’s mind started to float away. Maybe his spirit went underground with her body; he could see her grave from his apartment window. He lived five doors down from Cynthia and Cynthia’s mom.
The descriptions of Cynthia’s early years spent in her grandfather’s store paint a picture of a happy, supported childhood filled with laughter and love. However, things started to shift when Miss Fran died, which helps explain why in the present, Cynthia’s life doesn’t seem quite as idyllic. In part, Cynthia is grieving for the grandfather she knew as a kid, the one who was hilarious and madly in love. The passage implies that with his mind and his memory starting to fail, their relationship isn’t quite the same anymore.
Themes
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Not long after Miss Fran’s death, Cinder closed his liquor store. Soon after, the city knocked the store down and the apartment complex built a playground on the site. They included a small concrete platform, about the size of a crate, and stuck a plaque on it reading “Cinder’s Block.” Cynthia always hoped Cinder would stand on it and joke, but he never did. Soon after the playground went up, Cinder started forgetting things, like how to use the microwave. He’d always call Cynthia to his apartment to help him remember things, like how to turn on the TV.
Including Cinder’s Block in the playground speaks to how integral Cinder and his comedy shows were to the community. The apartment complex tries to keep that tradition alive and honor Cinder—but with his memory faltering, Cinder struggles to appreciate the gesture. And his memory problems also mean that Cynthia steps into a more adult role sooner than she might otherwise, since Cinder needs her help to perform basic tasks.
Themes
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Not long after that, Cynthia and Cynthia’s mom moved in with Cinder. Cynthia and her mom technically share a bedroom, but Cynthia sleeps on the couch because her mom thrashes in her sleep. She spends her nights dreaming about making her mom laugh and let go of some stress. The stress on her mom’s face looks like she’s wearing the wrong color of makeup. Cynthia wants nothing more than for her mom to be around and to love and joke with her, the way that Cinder and Miss Fran loved and joked with each other. But Cynthia’s mom is too busy, so Cynthia jokes with everyone. A laugh is a laugh and Cynthia takes them where she can get them, like at the end of Mrs. Stevens’s class.
Cynthia wants nothing more than to make people happy and to have a close and affectionate relationship with her mom. But the narration makes it clear that Cynthia isn’t getting that; in that regard, her life is lacking. So, her comedy shows at the end of Mrs. Stevens’s class aren’t actually just for fun—they reflect that Cynthia isn’t getting the support she needs at home. The jokes themselves also obscure how sad Cynthia is underneath her jokester persona.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Quotes
Back in the present, Cynthia stands in Mrs. Stevens’s doorway handing out flyers handwritten on notebook paper. They state that Cynthia is giving a live show on Cinder’s Block at 3:33 p.m. Finally, Cynthia heads down the hall herself, stops at her locker, and pauses at the door to tease Gregory Pitts for smelling like an armpit, which she does every day. He knows it’s a joke, so he flaps his arms to waft the smell toward her. Instead of going the usual route (up to Ms. Post and walking around the long way), Cynthia cuts across the grass behind the school to the shortcut. She didn’t take the shortest shortcut—leaving out the back door—because then she couldn’t tease Greg, and Cinder taught her how important traditions are.
What makes Cynthia feel secure and more in control of her life is holding tight to these routines, like giving a show on Cinder’s Block and teasing Gregory every day after school. It’s one way she can honor her grandfather as well as create stability in her life. In this sense, she’s doing much the same thing that Fatima does with her notebook, though rather than simply observing what changes, Cynthia makes a point to try to keep things the same. Mentioning Ms. Post like so many other kids have continues to establish the crossing guard as an important figure who makes kids feel secure.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Cynthia walks along the brick school building to the line of trees at the back. She tiptoes through the trees, since this area is always muddy, and then looks both ways before crossing Carigan Street. Cynthia enters the Southview Cemetery—the shortest way home is to go through it. She’s also on the lookout for “giggles” for Cinder. Giggles are cigarette butts, and Cinder collects them. People always smoke as they walk through the cemetery. Cynthia named them giggles soon after Miss Fran died, when she was helping Cinder clean the apartment. He’d told her to get rid of stamps and envelopes (Cynthia pocketed the stamps instead) and then Cynthia had asked about an ashtray full of cigarette butts, all of them smeared with Miss Fran’s red lipstick. Cinder picked up one of the cigarette butts, studied it like it was a bullet—and giggled.
Again, the fact that Cynthia goes through the cemetery in part because it’s the best place to find giggles for her grandfather highlights how devoted she is to him. The story of how giggles got their name also starts to suggest that Cinder has a unique ability to find humor in everything, even in things that might hurt him emotionally. Being faced with Miss Fran’s ashtray could have been emotionally devastating; it was a reminder that she lived and enjoyed her life by smoking cigarettes. This is why the butt he picked up was like a bullet. But instead of mourning her loss, Cinder instead chose to laugh and focus on the fact that Miss Fran did enjoy her life.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Cynthia finds no giggles in the cemetery. There are people visiting graves or walking their dogs, and there are two girls sitting on a skateboard by a tombstone. They look familiar, but Cynthia doesn’t want to stare and make it weird. Cynthia only has seven minutes to make it to Cinder’s Block, hopefully with a giggle for Cinder—and she finally fines one smeared with lipstick on Miss Fran’s gravestone. It seems like a sign.
The two girls on the skateboard are presumably Pia and Fern. That all three girls wind up in the cemetery after school to visit loved ones’ graves suggests again that students at Latimer are more connected than they might think at first, simply because they all live in the same neighborhood.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
At the other side of the cemetery, Cynthia crosses Southview Avenue to the playground. There’s a small girl playing happily on the swings, but nobody else. It’s 3:31. Cynthia sits on Cinder’s Block and pops her back. Sleeping on the couch is making her feel old. Giggling, Cynthia says to herself that couches are called couches “because of the ouch part.” A minute later, a pigeon—gray but beautiful—lands next to Cynthia. Cynthia tells the pigeon that she always wings it anyway. Then, she says she wonders what it’s like to be a pigeon, with wings to fly anywhere it wants. But it’s such a letdown that when a pigeon gets to where it wants to be, it doesn’t have the hands to grab things. Cynthia giggles again as 3:33 arrives.
It appears as though nobody understands how important these shows are for Cynthia. Seeing how she formulates her jokes, though, gives some insight into how Cynthia sees the world. Everything has the potential to be funny, if only she can look at things in the right way. Even something as painful as sleeping on the couch can become humorous. And discussing the pigeon’s lack of hands shows too that Cynthia is thinking critically about the world around her and how it works. Again, she goes out of her way to identify the funny parts.
Themes
Independence, Freedom, and Identity Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Nobody ever comes to Cynthia’s shows. Occasionally other Southview residents, like Gregory Pitts, Remy Vaughn, Joey Santiago, and Candace Green come. People probably don’t come because they have other places to be, or things to do. Or maybe people don’t think Cynthia is serious about her shows being at 3:33. Really, though, the shows are at 3:33 for Cynthia’s mother. Cynthia’s mom finishes work as a barista at three and starts graduate school at 4:15. She always goes straight from work to class—but if for some reason she decides to take a day off, Cynthia will be on Cinder’s Block, waiting to make her hero smile just like Cinder taught her to. But Cynthia’s mom never takes days off.
The story acknowledges that because Cynthia is a known jokester at school, kids—potential audience members—might not take her seriously about the shows. Her coping mechanisms might not be helping her as much as she’d like them to. Even sadder, though, is that Cynthia is really only putting these shows on for her mom, and not even her mom comes to the shows. This shows how alone and unsupported Cynthia feels.  
Themes
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Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Cynthia pulls a notebook out of her backpack, rips out a page, and scribbles her joke about birds not having hands on it. She continues that it’d be great if birds had hands—but then they’d be angels, and angels with beaks would be scary. Laughing to herself, Cynthia pulls out an envelope and a stamp from a special pocket in her backpack, seals her joke in the envelope, and writes her own address on it. She stamps the envelope and then approaches the swinging girl and offers her a sticker. When the girl holds out her hand, Cynthia slaps a Charlie Chaplin stamp onto it.
Cynthia might feel isolated, but she’s not willing to let that get in the way of her comedy. She’s still able to find the humor in being all alone at her show, and the pigeon continues to provide material. Then, Cynthia shows that she’d like to support other kids and help them feel less alone by giving the girl on the swing a sticker. It’s a way for her to embody Miss Fran, who gave stamps away with wild abandon.
Themes
Perspective and Assumptions Theme Icon
Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Once Cynthia gets into her apartment, she knocks on Cinder’s door and says she got mail. He doesn’t answer, so concerned, Cynthia opens the door. Cinder is sitting on his bed and writing in a notebook. Balls of paper cover the floor, which is normal for him—he writes random sentences written on them as he tries to put his thoughts on paper. Some of the paper balls, though, are in Cynthia’s handwriting. For a moment, Cinder doesn’t seem to recognize Cynthia, but then he comes to and says he’s trying to write a good joke for her to tell at school tomorrow. Cynthia joins him on the bed, kisses his cheek, and sees “eardrums” written on the paper. He says the joke isn’t working, wads up the paper, and throws it on the floor. He’s working on something better.
In the story’s flashbacks and in Cynthia’s memory, Cinder is a towering figure capable of doing anything. But seeing him in the flesh makes him seem extremely vulnerable; he’s clearly struggling to remember things and to simply organize his thoughts. Because of this, Cynthia is again forced into a more adult role. It falls to her to check to make sure her grandfather is okay and to encourage him to keep writing. However, he’s still focused on humor if he’s trying to write jokes for her to tell at school. This is why he and Cynthia are still so close: they both love comedy more than anything.
Themes
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Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
Cinder asks if Cynthia told the shirt joke today. Cynthia says it was great; her teacher didn’t get mad about the implied profanity at all. Then, Cynthia says she found a giggle and drops the cigarette butt into Cinder’s palm. Cinder smiles and puts it into a bottle containing 100 more giggles. Cynthia adds that mail came for him, and she offers him the envelope she stuffed, stamped, and addressed at the park. Cinder puts it on the table, but Cynthia knows what will happen: he’ll read it later, forget he read it, and then believe he wrote it. He’ll suggest she try the joke in Mrs. Stevens’s class, and she’ll be able to tell him after school that his jokes are still working.
Again, the story’s focus on humor obscures a much sadder story underneath: that Cynthia is going out of her way to help Cinder believe that he’s still a master joke writer, when really she’s doing all the writing herself. She’s stepping into a more adult role to help make him happy and keep herself happy. She does this too by continuing to search for giggles for him; whether he still connects them to Fran or not, the sight of them still makes him smile and feel appreciated.
Themes
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Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Fear, Friendship, and Support Theme Icon
As Cynthia heads back for the door, she asks what other joke Cinder was mentioning working on. Cinder asks what would happen if a school bus fell from the sky. Cynthia asks if it’s coming from Ookabooka Land. In the silence that follows, Cynthia stares at the man who taught her that life is funny pretty much all the time—and that even when it isn’t funny, it’s still possible to find humor. Cinder stares back, and then they both start laughing hard enough to shake the bottle of giggles.
Finally, the story crystallizes its main idea: that even things that don’t initially seem funny can be funny depending on one’s perspective. What Cynthia feels she must do for her grandfather probably seems sad rather than funny to most readers. But it allows her to continue to have a strong, loving relationship with him based on a shared love of comedy. Meanwhile, Cinder’s mention of the falling school bus suggests that the school bus mentioned at the start of the collection might not be tragic at all—it may, as it is here, be funny.
Themes
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Joy, Resilience, and Childhood Theme Icon
Quotes