Mao’s Last Dancer

Mao’s Last Dancer

by

Li Cunxin

Teachers and parents! Our Teacher Edition on Mao’s Last Dancer makes teaching easy.
Bird Symbol Icon

Birds represent freedom to Li Cunxin. Growing up in his rural Chinese village, he loves to listen to the birds and to watch them swoop through the skies. He envies their freedom and the beauty of their movements. In his dancing career, when he feels that things are going well, Cunxin often compares his movements to those of the birds. Crucially, he performs in a bird-themed ballet, Swan Lake, at four key moments in his career: when he graduates at the top of his class from the Beijing Dance Academy, when he first dances in America, when China opens up enough for his parents to receive permission to visit him in the United States, and during his last tour with the Houston Ballet, which takes the company to China. During his childhood, when Cunxin captures a bird, he keeps it as a pet in a cage in the Li family home. Although he tries to tell himself that the bird is happy, he recognizes that it isn’t, and when it dies in captivity, he feels tremendous guilt—and sadness for himself. He sees how his own situation parallels the bird’s: he is trapped in a cage of rural poverty and need. He escapes this first cage when he goes to the Beijing Dance Academy, only to later realize that he’s still in a larger cage: Communist China. When he visits America for the first time, he longs to be as free as the dancers there. The idea of returning to the cage of his life in China (even if it has improved since he escaped Qingdao) makes him feel hopeless and terrified. In his defection, he achieves the freedom necessary for his personal and professional lives to blossom and this, in turn, makes him feel like a freed bird soaring through the sky.

Bird Quotes in Mao’s Last Dancer

The Mao’s Last Dancer quotes below all refer to the symbol of Bird. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Opportunity, Hard Work, and Success Theme Icon
).
Chapter 6: Chairman Mao’s Classroom Quotes

I was always fascinated with birds when I was a child. I would watch them and daydream. I admired their gracefulness and envied their freedom. I wished for wings so I too could fly out of this harsh life. I wished to speak their language, to ask them what it felt like, flying so high. I wondered which god to ask or indeed if there was such a god who had the power to transform humans into animals. But then I also thought of the constant danger of being shot down by humans or eaten by larger animals. And the birds never seemed to have enough food to eat, either, because they were constantly nibbling on human feces. Without food, life as a bird might not have been much better than life as a human. And if I became a bird, I would not see my family again.

Related Characters: Li Cunxin (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bird
Page Number: 88
Explanation and Analysis:

I told everyone that she was such a happy bird, because she chattered and sang all day and all night. She drove my whole family crazy, though. “She isn’t singing, she is crying, ‘Let me out, let me out!’” Cunfar said, acting as though he was the poor bird.

“Don’t be silly, she loves me. I’m her savior. Look at all the food she gets.”

But in reality she ate very little. After school one day that week, I rushed home with some worms in my hands and found my Beautiful River Treasure dead in her cage. I sobbed my heart out. I blamed every member of my family for her death. […] My heart was broken. Deep inside I knew I was responsible for her death. Instead of helping her, I had taken her freedom away, and I hated myself for it.

Related Characters: Li Cunxin (speaker), Cunyuan, Cunfar
Related Symbols: Bird
Page Number: 92-93
Explanation and Analysis:

I couldn’t understand all the words but I could make out that the story was about a rich steel baron, in some place called Chicago, who fell in love with a young girl. […] Love stories were hard to find. I would have given anything to read the whole thing. But the Red Guards destroyed any books that contained even a hint of romance or western flavor. You would be jailed if such books were found in your house.

I kept those forty pages for a long time, locking them like a treasure in my personal drawer […]. I poured over the words. I wondered how the people in the story could have such freedom. It sounded too good to be true. But even after hearing years of fearful propaganda about America and the West, the book was enough to plant a seed of curiosity in my heart.

Related Characters: Li Cunxin (speaker)
Related Symbols: Bird
Page Number: 100
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 9: The Caged Bird Quotes

But in truth I didn’t really believe that playing with the birds would have caused any harm to Chairman Mao’s revolution at all. In truth I felt humiliated. I’d never had to do this in my old school.

My self-criticism passed the test easily, and my teacher and classmates burst into laughter when I read that last line. I also had to stand outside the classroom for a whole hour afterwards. “Cunxin, have you fed the poor birds yet?” the boys teased as they walked past, and my face burned with humiliation.

I hadn’t meant what I’d written. I hadn’t learned anything about serving Chairman Mao. All it made me realize was just how much freedom I was being denied. I would never be able to play with my beloved birds again. Now I was a bird trapped in a cage where even my feet had to conform to the rules.

Related Characters: Li Cunxin (speaker), Chairman Mao , Madame Mao
Related Symbols: Bird
Page Number: 144-145
Explanation and Analysis:
Chapter 24: A Millet Dream Come True Quotes

Aside from the drugs, though, I did want to experiment with nearly everything the Western world had to offer. I discovered Western movies, especially the John Wayne ones. I liked the courage he portrayed. I also liked movies such as Star Trek and the 007 films. I went to operas, symphonies, pop concerts and plays. Through Ben I met some extraordinary people—people including Liza Minnelli, Cleo Laine, Gregory Peck, Frank Sinatra and John Denver. I even went to discos, but I wasn’t too fond of them. Still, I was like a bird let out of its cage, and I could fly in any direction I chose.

Related Characters: Li Cunxin (speaker), Ben Stevenson, Elizabeth Mackey
Related Symbols: Bird
Page Number: 354
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire Mao’s Last Dancer LitChart as a printable PDF.
Mao’s Last Dancer PDF

Bird Symbol Timeline in Mao’s Last Dancer

The timeline below shows where the symbol Bird appears in Mao’s Last Dancer. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Chapter 5: Na-na
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...was properly—and traditionally—buried. The family commissions a carpenter to make a special coffin, carved with birds, flowers, trees, and waters, and youngest auntie’s husband paints it. But getting permission for a... (full context)
Chapter 6: Chairman Mao’s Classroom
Opportunity, Hard Work, and Success Theme Icon
Love and Family Theme Icon
The Power of Stories Theme Icon
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...pace punctuated by brief and infrequent breaks. Cunxin cannot pay attention. When he hears a bird chirping on the windowsill, his attention flies outside to join it. Cunxin has always loved... (full context)
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...spring of his first year of school, Cunxin acquires his one and only pet, a bird he traps by the stream. He names her Beautiful River Treasure, and he keeps her... (full context)
Chapter 8: Feather in a Whirlwind
Love and Family Theme Icon
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...like a drowning person clings to a lifeline. He wishes he could turn into a bird and fly away home. (full context)
Chapter 9: The Caged Bird
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
During politics class, Cunxin hears some baby birds screeching from a nest on the roof, and afterwards he convinces Zhu Yaoping to climb... (full context)
Chapter 13: Teacher Xiao’s Words
Opportunity, Hard Work, and Success Theme Icon
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...agrees to stop calling him names. Afterward, Cunxin feels as light and free as a bird. This is the first time in his life he’s truly faced—and worked through—a problem on... (full context)
Chapter 15: The Mango
Opportunity, Hard Work, and Success Theme Icon
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...on his ballet shoes to remind him of his goals, and in honor of the birds he loves and whose graceful flights he longs to emulate. (full context)
Chapter 24: A Millet Dream Come True
Love and Family Theme Icon
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
...it through rehearsals and performances the next day. Afterward, he avoids drugs. But, like a bird freed from its cage, he tastes everything else his new life has to offer, including... (full context)
Chapter 25: No More Nightmares
Freedom vs. Repression  Theme Icon
Cunxin gives the performance of a lifetime. He feels like a flying bird when he performs the technically challenging leaps of Ben’s choreography. During intermission, Ben brings Niang... (full context)