Nightwood

by

Djuna Barnes

Nightwood: Where the Tree Falls Summary & Analysis

Summary
Analysis
Felix has been seen in numerous countries standing in front of palace gates, contemplating everything he sees. He’s written about different noblemen, but his articles are never printed. When Felix realized Guido (junior) was unwell (he’s very small, obsessed with death, and “Mentally deficient”), he began collecting religious items with the intention to send them to the Pope. Guido once told Felix that he wanted to go into the church and Felix knew this meant that to be a good father he would have to let go much of his own identity and hopes. Now, Felix researches the church and even wrote a long letter to the Pope about the state of the Catholic church. Felix never got an answer to this letter, but that’s okay because he only wanted to write to explore his own thoughts, and he knows Guido won’t ever be called to become a priest or monk.
Felix’s immense love for Guido can be seen in the fact that Felix is willing to let go many of his past interests and ambitions to help Guido accomplish his. Although Barnes writes that Guido is “Mentally deficient,” Felix seems to think that he’s not totally helpless. Guido still has potential and promise, which is also why Felix is so willing to go the extra mile to understand his son’s interests. Matthew’s earlier warning to Felix that the last person born into an aristocratic family will be insane now seems like foreshadowing. With Robin gone, Guido will be Felix’s only child, and he evidently is mentally ill.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Felix decides to settle in Vienna, but first goes to visit Matthew. Back in Paris, Felix sees Matthew walking down the street in clothes he just wore to a funeral and looking much older. Felix calls to him and Matthew hurriedly snaps himself out of his thoughts and greets Felix. Felix explains that he’s had some trouble and asks Matthew to accompany him to dinner at a nice restaurant. As they drive into the night, Felix mentions he’s never seen “the Baronin” in this light and never really understood her. Since she left, Felix has heard a lot about her from others, but it only confuses him more. Felix explains that his knowledge of his family history comes from a single source, which gives him a feeling of immortality because the information never changes; eternity is something that doesn’t change, and everyone craves that stability.
Just as Nora only refers to Robin as “her” when she talks to Matthew, Felix only refers to Robin as “the Baronin.” Felix’s unwillingness to say Robin’s name shows that he’s still devastated by what happened to their relationship; just saying her name would cause him pain. What’s more, his continued fixation on titles that he knows to be false (she’s not really a baronin, just like he’s not really a baron) demonstrates that he values the comfort of superficial stability over genuine pursuit of the truth.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Felix says that he was drawn to Robin because she seemed to represent security, but he learned that it was actually loss. His great mistake was seeing acquiescence where there was none and he tells Matthew that what he really wants to know is why she married him because it’s made his life dark. Matthew theorizes that she was “mourning for something taken away from her” in the war. Felix doesn’t respond to this but says Jenny came to visit him, which takes Matthew by surprise. Felix says he didn’t know who Jenny was at first because she was heavily veiled. Jenny told him she wanted to buy a painting, but Felix soon realized this was a front. Jenny began talking about Robin, but not by name so Felix didn’t realize who it was at first.
Matthew’s theory about Robin is that she lost something in the war, meaning World War I (which had been over for less than 10 years at this point). Part of Robin’s “mourning” included marrying Felix. It is unclear what Robin may have lost, but it could have been a loved one, a home, or even her sense of self. Ever since then, Robin has been looking for what she lost, and it seems that  she thought maybe Felix could restore it to her.
Themes
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
In Felix’s story, Jenny talked about Robin and her strange relationship with Sylvia, who loved her. Robin would wake Sylvia up to ask if she loved her throughout the night. When Sylvia returned to her parents for the holidays, Jenny became anxious and called the child back to see if Robin had a heart. When Sylvia came back Robin had clearly forgotten all about her. As Jenny was about to leave her conversation with Felix, she finally mentioned Robin by name. When Felix turned around, he realized that Guido (junior) had heard everything. This was okay because Felix has always encouraged Guido to expect Robin one day. Matthew lights up and says Felix did right because Guido is maladjusted, which Matthew assures Felix isn’t a bad thing because Guido will never need to be pitied.
Robin’s attachment to Sylvia is notable because Robin had little to no interest in her own child. Robin might be drawn to Sylvia because Sylvia is a young girl, possibly around the same age Robin was during the war when she lost whatever she’s been in mourning for. Matthew seems to think that Guido doesn’t need to be pitied because Guido exists on a different plane than most of humanity; it may be that Guido embraces his own “otherness” in a way that characters like Matthew cannot, which in Matthew’s eyes makes him enviable.
Themes
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Get the entire Nightwood LitChart as a printable PDF.
Nightwood PDF
Felix pauses and then confesses to Matthew that he recognizes a form of happiness in the possibility that his son will die young. It’s the worst thing that could happen to Felix, but once that happens then Felix could start over again and find joy. Felix’s whole life revolves around Guido. Matthew asks about Robin and Felix explains that Robin is still with him in Guido. Felix goes on to say that Robin was always looking for someone to tell her that she was innocent; Guido is like that, but he is actually innocent. Robin kept searching for reassurance until she found Nora. Felix also says that Robin is one of those people who needs permission to live, and if nobody gives it to her then she’ll create her own innocence even if the rest of the world calls it depraved.
Felix loves Guido fiercely even though Guido’s presence is a constant reminder of Robin—or perhaps because of that fact. The end of Guido, then, will be the true end of Felix’s relationship with Robin. For Felix to move forward, he must cut all ties with the past, which is directly opposed to the belief system he’s nurtured all his life. But he can’t move on if Guido is with him, which is why he sees the possibility of Guido’s imminent death as simultaneously the worst and best thing that could happen to him.
Themes
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Matthew declares that accepting depravity is the best way to capture the past. He says people are born and die “rebuking cleanliness,” but there is a middle period of “slovenliness.” Felix agrees and Matthew goes on to say that cleanliness creates a fear of destiny and history, which aren’t clean. Robin, however, didn’t fear them. Felix says that Robin seemed to be covered with the past and it slowed her movements. He likens this to the air of an old building, which seems denser than the air around a new building. Felix was attracted to Robin’s “density of youth.” After a short silence, Felix asks Matthew if his son’s “preoccupation” is better than Felix’s. Troubled, Matthew tells Felix to stop looking for calamity because he already has it in Guido. People are only whole when they consider their shadows, and Guido is Felix’s anxiety’s shadow.
Matthew notes here that when people are born they embrace destiny, and when they prepare to die they cling to their history. Both destiny and history are untidy, so by holding onto them people are “rebuking cleanliness” when they’re born and when they die. Felix sensed a certain “density” around Robin that reminded him of old buildings and made him think that she wasn’t as concerned as other people about keeping life tidy and containing the past. Robin manages to have both density and youth (the “density of youth”) and something about this contradiction—the way it joins together past and present—is what made her attractive to Felix.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Felix tells Matthew that people say his son isn’t sane and asks what Matthew thinks. Matthew’s opinion is that Guido’s mind is apt and that means there’s hope. Felix mutters that Guido never grows up and Matthew responds that Guido’s emotional sensitivity might obscure the workings of his mind. Matthew admits that Guido’s sanity is an unknown but urges Felix to take care of Guido’s mind because nobody knows what’s in it. Felix orders an alcoholic drink and Matthew, smiling, reminds Felix that he said he’d start drinking one day. Felix says he always thought Matthew meant that he’d give up. Matthew says he might have meant that, but he might have been wrong; people are both innocent and damned from the start and must find their own ways to live.
Matthew’s prediction that Felix would start drinking one day comes true here, although Felix says he thought the prediction meant he’d give up. In a way, though, Felix has given up. The fact that he’s drinking shows that he no longer takes certain parts of himself so seriously. His ill-fated marriage to Robin and struggle with raising Guido alone have humbled Felix and he’s lost some of his pride—even though, ironically, he got precisely what he wanted by having a son to devote himself to.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Felix asks if Robin is damned. Matthew, recognizing Felix’s hidden meaning, replies that Guido is not damned but blessed, and that aristocracy is a state of mind. He also observes that nobody realizes it when they find what they’re looking for. Felix asks if Matthew ever hears from Robin and Felix says that she’s in America and writes to her friends (not Matthew, which he’s grateful for) asking them not to forget her. Matthew theorizes that she struggles to remember herself. Felix says that he, like Matthew, once wanted to go behind the scenes of life to find the secrets of time but discovered that it’s impossible for a sane person to do that. Felix now thinks one must be a little bit insane to understand the past or the “obscure life,” which Guido lives in. Felix says this might be what Robin is looking for and then cleans his monocle.
Felix has told Matthew before that his dearest wish is for a son. Now that he has one, however, Felix is overwhelmed with apprehension and fear because Guido doesn’t quite live up to Felix’s ideals (although Felix has tried to let go of some of these in order to support Guido). This is what Matthew means when he observes that many people don’t realize that the thing they’ve always wanted is under their nose. What Felix means by the “obscure life” is the life at night—that is, the life of hidden things—that Nora and Matthew talked about earlier. As it turns out, Guido has inherited Robin’s obscurity and Felix is no better at understanding Guido than he was at understanding Robin.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon
Quotes
Felix, his son, and Frau Mann arrive in Vienna together a short time later. Felix drinks heavily and has grown a beard to hide how red his face is as a result. Frau Mann, too, drinks a lot and they bring Guido to the café with them. The three make an odd picture together, Guido sitting in the middle with large glasses, watching while Felix calls for music and Frau Mann laughs. Felix tries not to look for the one thing he always wanted: a son. One night, Felix thinks he sees the late Czar Nicholas’s brother-in-law and makes a clumsy bow. He and Guido get into the carriage and Felix rubs Guido’s chapped hands.
Matthew’s prediction that Felix would start drinking proves too true. In the end, Felix becomes a common alcoholic. Although he maintains a deep respect for royalty, he can no longer pretend he’s part of their world. This is also why he struggles to look at Guido, who is a constant reminder of both Robin and everything Felix was supposed to do an accomplish in his lifetime. Again, he fails to genuinely appreciate the obvious: he has a son, just like he always wanted.
Themes
Identity Theme Icon
Obsession and Despair Theme Icon
Otherness and the Search for Acceptance Theme Icon