The novel includes two epigrams from the novelist Thomas Hardy, whose work was famously bleak and often portrayed the world as an amoral place where bad things happen to good people arbitrarily. Dexter has been much more reckless in his way of living, and so the fact that it’s Emma who dies young helps to capture the underlying unfairness of life. The fact that she is killed by a car also connects back to her argument that morning with Dexter over the Iraq War, when he said that there were plenty of good uses for oil. Emma’s death is a problem with no simple solution because it’s a result both of Emma’s ideals (that she chose to use a bike instead of buying a car, which made her vulnerable) as well as of Dexter’s apathy (that he accepts a status quo where cars are the main means for transportation, leading to traffic accidents and wars waged over oil).