LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Piano Lesson, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Racism and Self-determination
Spirituality and the Supernatural
Grief, Hope, and History
Love, Relationships, and Independence
Summary
Analysis
The next day, Doaker is ironing his railroad uniform and cooking something on the stove, singing a song as he works. Wining Boy comes in carrying a silk suit which he was supposed to have pawned; he says that the shop owner wouldn’t offer him enough money for it. Berniece is still at work, and Boy Willie and Lymon are out selling watermelons. Maretha is refusing to sleep upstairs anymore. Doaker tells Wining Boy that although he hasn’t told Berniece this, he saw Sutter’s ghost before she did, sitting at the piano with his hand resting on his head, just like Berniece said. The ghost didn’t seem threatening, so Doaker didn’t worry about it.
In contrast to the previous scene of domestic strife with its closing hint of the supernatural, this act opens with a scene of contrasting peace and normalcy. Everyone is more or less going about their normal business, although there are hints—like Maretha’s fear of the ghost—of unrest. The fact that Doaker, who’s a levelheaded and calming presence in the play, saw the ghost reinforces its reality.
Active
Themes
Doaker says that he thinks Berniece is wrong about Boy Willie pushing Sutter in the well. Rather, he thinks that Sutter is haunting them because of the piano—he saw the piano keys being invisibly played one time. He figures that Berniece needs to get rid of the piano, since it’s done nothing but cause trouble. However, Wining Boy figures that they have more right to the piano than the Sutters ever did, and anyway, Sutter’s ghost can’t do anything about it. Meanwhile, he needs money, which Doaker reluctantly gives.
Doaker correctly perceives that the presence of Sutter’s ghost isn’t primarily about the circumstances of Sutter’s death but has something to do with the piano and the family’s past. Both he and Wining Boy, directly connected to the procurement of the piano, are keenly aware of its costs to the family.
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Themes
Boy Willie and Lymon come in, excited—their pockets are full of money. People were lining up to buy watermelons, even after they raised the price by a quarter. Boy Willie pretended that they planted sugar along with the seeds to make the melons extra sweet, and people believed him. While the younger men are still counting their money, Wining Boy brings in the silk suit and tells Lymon to try it on. He tells Lymon that the suit will help him get a woman, and that he’ll let him have it for $3. Lymon agrees and talks Boy Willie, who’s preoccupied about fitting the piano into the truck, into going to the picture show that evening to meet some women.
Humorously, the men in the family—both Boy Willie and his uncle Wining Boy—have a gift for sales and making ordinary things, whether a watermelon or a suit, sound more special than it is. Now that they’ve finally sold some of the watermelons, the younger men are ready to move forward with their respective plans: Wining Boy is eyeing the piano, and Lymon is ready to hit the town and meet local women.
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Themes
While Lymon is trying on his new outfit, Wining Boy tells the others he knew Lymon’s father and that he, too, was always talking about women. In fact, Wining Boy says, he almost could have been Lymon’s father—he had an affair with Lymon’s mother while her husband was in jail. When Lymon’s mother tried to pay the bail, the sheriff demanded an additional $100. She found Wining Boy playing the piano at a saloon and asked for help. Wining Boy knew that if she didn’t come up with the money, her husband would end up on Parchman Farm for three years, a fate he’d help anyone avoid. After Wining Boy gave her the money, Lymon’s mother invited him over, and she ended up inviting him to stay all night. Presently, Lymon enters then in his new suit. Wining Boy tells him that it’s a magic suit and that while wearing it, he’ll be able to get any woman he likes. The younger men head out.
Wining Boy’s story about Lymon’s parents mainly serves to demonstrate the pervasiveness of injustice among Mississippi’s rural Black community, especially when it came to matters surrounding incarceration. Wining Boy’s generosity (as well as his personal familiarity with the unjust system) is shown by his readiness to help Lymon’s mother out of an exploitative situation. He now extends a fatherly kindness toward the younger man.