Alcoa is the massive aluminum manufacturing corporation that Paul O’Neill ran as CEO and chairman from 1987 to 2000.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are several regions in the center of the brain that play an important role in habit formation.
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Brain stem
The brain stem is the part of the brain that connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord. It regulates basic, unconscious bodily functions like breathing, sleeping, and the heartbeat.
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Cue
In the habit loop, the cue is the familiar stimulus that triggers someone to start a routine. For instance, anxiety might be a smoker’s cue to light up.
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The Golden Rule of habit change
The Golden Rule of habit change is to replace the old routine with a new one, while connecting it with the same cue and reward. For instance, Alcoholics Anonymous teaches people to identify the…
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In the habit loop, the reward is the benefit associated with performing the routine. For instance, smoking might reward a smoker with a feeling of relaxation, which makes them more likely to keep smoking…
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Routine
In the habit loop, a routine is the habit itself—or the automatic series of actions that someone takes in response to the cue. The routine then leads to a reward. For instance, smokers…
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