Natural selection is the process by which evolution happens. Evolution occurs when entities compete for finite resources in an environment. The entities that succeed in getting the resources are the ones that are the “fittest”…
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Replicator
A replicator is any entity that can make copies of itself. Richard Dawkins argues that, in the natural world, the replicator is not the organism or the species, but, rather, little bits of DNA called…
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Evolutionarily Stable Strategy/State (ESS)
An evolutionarily stable strategy, or an evolutionarily stable state (both of which are abbreviated to “ESS”), exists when the entities that are competing in an environment stay in stable ratios from generation to generation. In…
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Parental Investment (PI)
Parental investment is derived from the total amount of resources that an organism has available to use on keeping its offspring alive over the course of the parent’s lifetime. It represents any resource (such as…
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Prisoner’s Dilemma
The Prisoner’s Dilemma is a hypothetical puzzle from game theory, which is the mathematics of predicting behavioral strategies. The Prisoner’s Dilemma gets its name from a thought experiment in which there are two prisoners who…
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Get the entire The Selfish Gene LitChart as a printable PDF.
"My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." -Graham S.
Genes are instructions for building embryos. In large part, an embryo looks and acts the way it does because of its genetic programming. The observable effects of a gene in nature are its “phenotypic effects.”…
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Meme
A meme is a catchy idea that circulates in a culture. Richard Dawkins coins the word “meme” by adapting it from the Greek word mimeme, which means “imitate.” He thinks memes jump from brain…
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