Though never seen onstage, the new Queen of England’s upcoming coronation provides the background for the action of the opera. At the end of the play, a message from the Queen arrives at the Old Bailey just seconds before Macheath’s execution—the missive pardons him for his crimes, appoints him a nobleman, and entitles him to a house in the country and a lifelong pension. Brecht includes the Queen as part of the drama in order to show how insulated the rich and powerful are from the ordinary suffering and consequences that are part and parcel of the lives of common men and women.