LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in We Need to Talk About Kevin, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Guilt and Accountability
Marriage, Family, and Social Norms
Nature vs. Nurture
Idealism vs. Reality
Forgiveness and Empathy
Summary
Analysis
The narrative flashes back to Kevin’s childhood. Kevin is still in diapers when he enters kindergarten. At first, he simply sits motionlessly at school. After a while, some of the other students seem disturbed when they see him, but Eva isn’t sure exactly why. Some of the kindergarten’s plants die mysteriously, and Eva notices that bleach is missing from the house. One day, Kevin drops another kid’s beloved tea set on the ground, breaking it. Eva tries to explain to him why this was wrong, but Kevin doesn’t care about any object the way the girl cared about her tea set. Eva remembers that Franklin replaced the water gun she had once destroyed, but Kevin never touched the replacement. Eva got the feeling that Kevin was somehow happy that Eva destroyed the gun precisely because he cared about it.
The novel implies that Kevin kills the kindergarten’s plants with bleach and somehow hurts or tortures the other students. Eva reiterates throughout the novel that she thinks Kevin wants her to treat him cruelly (by breaking the water gun for example, or by hitting him), but she doesn’t explain why Kevin would want this. Maybe Eva’s assessment of Kevin is completely wrong, but she seems to imply that Kevin wants her to mistreat him so that she feels guilty, or because he has some predisposition toward masochistic behavior.
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Themes
There is a girl at Kevin’s kindergarten who has severe eczema all over her body. Eva hears her mother warn the girl not to scratch it, and the girl resists even though it’s very itchy. One day, Eva comes to pick up Kevin and finds him in the bathroom with the girl. She is covered in blood. Eva isn’t sure whether Kevin was merely present while the girl scratched herself, or whether he somehow caused the damage. Eva is upset with Kevin, and she doesn’t change his diaper that day. Franklin comes home to find Kevin’s excrement all over the house. Franklin and Eva argue, and Eva says that she’s sure Kevin had something to do with the girl scratching her eczema. She didn’t change his diaper because the way he reacted to the girl scratching herself unsettled Eva, and she found changing him “too intimate.”
At this point, it seems clear that Kevin does go out of his way to hurt others, but Eva is unable to respond to Kevin appropriately when he upsets her. Instead of trying to communicate with him and find out why he misbehaves, she typically seeks revenge on him in some way. She hits him, breaks his belongings, and leaves him in a dirty diaper intentionally. This seems to perpetuate his behavior in a vicious cycle.
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Franklin insists that Kevin is perfectly normal. Eva reminds him that one time Kevin was in a play group, and kids mysteriously dropped out one by one until the group dissolved. Later, Eva found out that the group had secretly reconvened without Kevin. Franklin dismisses this, saying Eva should be offended on Kevin’s behalf. Franklin blames the other kids’ stay-at-home moms for being cliquey and gossiping.
Franklin refuses to acknowledge that Kevin’s behavior is problematic, even when it is very obviously problematic. Franklin’s judgment of stay-at-home moms is also sexist, and it shows how harmful his belief in conventional gender roles is to his family.
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Eva is sure that Kevin doesn’t use the toilet precisely because he knows that Eva and Franklin want him to use it. The summer after kindergarten, Eva tries to review numbers with Kevin. He pretends not to know how to count, but then he quickly and unenthusiastically counts perfectly from 1 to 100. Eva learns that he pretends not to know a lot that he does know, and he also pretends to know things he doesn’t. This way, it’s impossible to decipher how much he actually knows. Eva thinks that this is all intentional, and that Kevin makes her feel useless on purpose. Trying to teach him is never satisfying. Eva misses Franklin during the day, and she misses her old life, when she could spend her time learning about history and culture.
Again, Eva seems to overestimate Kevin’s malevolence—Kevin annoys her on purpose, but her conviction that he (as a six-year-old child) intentionally makes her feel useless is a bit dubious. Eva does sacrifice a lot to raise Kevin, but she also seems to idealize the past. She longs for the life she had before Kevin was born, but really, at that time, she was bored and yearning for excitement.
One day, Eva changes Kevin’s diaper, and he soils himself immediately afterward. She changes him again. Then she tries to get Kevin to write a sentence, and he finally writes that everyone thinks Eva looks old. At the same time, she smells that Kevin has soiled himself for the third time. She lifts him by the waist, checking his diaper to confirm. She’s enraged when she sees his excrement, and she throws him across the room. He hits the edge of a steel table. For the first time, Eva notes that his facial expression shows interest.
This is one of the rare instances in which Eva outright admits to mistreating Kevin. That said, she doesn’t imply that she felt any genuine remorse at the time. The fact that Kevin shows interest for the first time, apparently in reaction to his pain or to Eva’s anger, suggests that Eva’s treatment of him is leading him to develop an interest in violence and human suffering. Eva’s recollection of the event, meanwhile, seems to suggest that the interaction merely revealed Kevin’s natural inclination toward violence and human suffering.