Fefu and Her Friends

by

María Irene Fornés

Themes and Colors
Abstract Representation and Interpretation Theme Icon
Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism Theme Icon
Attraction, Romance, and Companionship Theme Icon
Friendship and Mutual Support Theme Icon
Suffering, Repression, and Violence Theme Icon
LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Fefu and Her Friends, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work.
Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism Theme Icon

Fefu and Her Friends is often considered a feminist play, largely because of its tacit acknowledgement and rejection of society’s repressive gender norms. The women staying in Fefu’s house are all very aware of the ways in which restrictive gender dynamics influence their everyday lives, but the play itself actually focuses on the women’s complete independence from men. To that end, no men appear in the play, making Fefu and Her Friends an ensemble play with an all-female cast—a significant detail, since the play takes place in the 1930s, when many men would have expected their wives to stay home and care for them or their house. Instead of adhering to such expectations, though, the women at the center of this play congregate with one another in an environment that is intrinsically characterized by a sense of female independence, empowerment, and self-sufficiency.

What’s more, it’s not just that these women come together, but that they do so to plan a fundraiser for a specific cause. Of course, the play never explicitly names this exact cause, but it seems to have something to do with education. Given that Fefu and her friends all appear to have gone to college together during a period in which it was still somewhat uncommon for women to attend university, it seems likely that the cause they’re advocating for has something to do with improving access to higher education—an idea reinforced by the fact that Fefu’s friend Emma recites some words by Emma Sheridan Fry, a famous playwright and educator who used theater to empower and educate disadvantaged communities in the early 1900s. There is, therefore, an underpinning of social advocacy and equality in Fefu and Her Friends, as the whole reason the characters have gathered is to push for the kind of societal change that they themselves have benefited from as educated women living in an otherwise sexist, male-oriented society. At its core, then, Fefu and Her Friends is a play that celebrates female independence and empowerment while also spotlighting the hard work and activism that must be done to challenge sexist and repressive norms.

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Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism ThemeTracker

The ThemeTracker below shows where, and to what degree, the theme of Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism appears in each part of Fefu and Her Friends. Click or tap on any chapter to read its Summary & Analysis.
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Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism Quotes in Fefu and Her Friends

Below you will find the important quotes in Fefu and Her Friends related to the theme of Empowerment, Female Independence, and Feminism.
Part 1 Quotes

FEFU: My husband married me to have a constant reminder of how loathsome women are.

CINDY: What?

FEFU: Yup.

CINDY: That’s just awful.

[…]

FEFU: Don’t be offended. I don’t take enough care to be tactful. I know I don’t. But don’t be offended. Cindy is not offended. She pretends to be, but she isn’t really. She understands what I mean.

CINDY: I do not.

FEFU: Yes, you do.—I like exciting ideas. They give me energy.

CHRISTINA: And how is women being loathsome an exciting idea?

FEFU: (With mischief.) It revolts me.

Related Characters: Fefu (speaker), Christina (speaker), Cindy (speaker), Phillip
Page Number: 7-9
Explanation and Analysis:

FEFU: That’s all right. I scare myself too, sometimes. But there’s nothing wrong with being scared . . . it makes you stronger.—It does me.—He won’t put real bullets in the guns.—It suits our relationship . . . the game, I mean. If I didn’t shoot him with blanks, I might shoot him for real. Do you see the sense of it?

Related Characters: Fefu (speaker), Christina, Cindy, Phillip
Related Symbols: The Gun
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

FEFU: […] I still like men better than women.—I envy them. I like being like a man. Thinking like a man. Feeling like a man.—They are well together. Women are not. Look at them. They are checking the new grass mower. . . . Out in the fresh air and the sun, while we sit here in the dark. . . . Men have natural strength. Women have to find their strength, and when they do find it, it comes forth with bitterness and it’s erratic. . . . Women are restless with each other. They are like live wires . . . either chattering to keep themselves from making contact, or else, if they don’t chatter, they avert their eyes . . . […]—Have I offended you again?

CHRISTINA: No. I too have wished for that trust men have for each other. The faith the world puts in them and they in turn put in the world. I know I don’t have it.

Related Characters: Fefu (speaker), Christina (speaker)
Page Number: 13
Explanation and Analysis:

([…] Julia goes to the gun, takes it and smells the mouth of the barrel. She looks at Cindy.)

CINDY: It’s a blank.

(Julia takes the remaining slug out of the gun. She lets it fall on the floor.)

JULIA: She’s hurting herself. (Julia looks blank and is motionless. Cindy picks up the slug. She notices Julia’s condition.)

CINDY: Julia. (To Christina.) She’s absent.

CHRISTINA: What do we do?

CINDY: Nothing, she’ll be all right in a moment. (She takes the gun from Julia. Julia comes to.)

JULIA: It’s a blank . . .

CINDY: It is.

JULIA: She’s hurting herself. (Julia lets out a strange whimper. She goes to the coffee table, takes a piece of chocolate, puts it in her mouth and goes toward her room. After she crosses the threshold, she stops.) I must lie down.

Related Characters: Julia (speaker), Christina (speaker), Cindy (speaker), Fefu, Phillip
Related Symbols: The Gun
Page Number: 17-18
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2: In the Study Quotes

CHRISTINA: […] I think she is an adventurer in a way. Her mind is adventurous. I don’t know if there is dishonesty in that. But in adventure there is taking chances and risks, and then one has to, somehow, have less regard or respect for things as they are. That is, regard for a kind of convention, I suppose. I am probably ultimately a conformist, I think. And I suppose I do hold back for fear for being disrespectful or destroying something—and I admire those who are not. But I also feel they are dangerous to me. I don’t think they are dangerous to the world; they are more useful than I am, more important, but I feel some of my life is endangered by their way of thinking.

Related Characters: Christina (speaker), Fefu, Cindy
Page Number: 31
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 2: In the Bedroom Quotes

JULIA: […] Why do you have to kill Fefu, for she’s only a joker? (With a gravelly voice.) “Not kill, cure. Cure her.” Will it hurt?

(She whimpers.)

Oh, dear, dear, my dear, they want your light. Your light my dear. Your precious light. Oh dear, my dear.

Related Characters: Julia (speaker), Fefu
Page Number: 34
Explanation and Analysis:

The human being is of the masculine gender. The human being is a boy as a child and a grown up he is a man. Everything on earth is for the human being, which is man. To nourish him. […] Woman is not a human being. She is: 1—A mystery. 2—Another species. 3—As yet undefined. 4—Unpredictable; therefore wicked and gentle and evil and good which is evil.

Related Characters: Julia (speaker)
Page Number: 35
Explanation and Analysis:

PAULA: I felt small in your presence . . . I haven’t done all that I could have. All I wanted to do. Our lives have gone in such different directions I cannot help but review what those years have been for me. I gave up, almost gave up. I have missed you in my life. . . . I became lazy. I lost the drive. You abandoned me and I kept going. But after a while I didn’t know how to. I didn’t know how to go on. I knew why when I was with you. To give you pleasure. So we could laugh together. So we could rejoice together. To bring beauty to the world. . . . Now we look at each other like strangers. We are guarded. I speak and you don’t understand my words. I remember every day.

Related Characters: Paula (speaker), Cecilia
Page Number: 39-40
Explanation and Analysis:
Part 3 Quotes

EMMA: After a few visits the psychiatrist said: Don’t you think you know me well enough now that you can tell me the truth about the paper? He almost drove her crazy. They just couldn’t believe she was so smart.

Related Characters: Emma (speaker)
Page Number: 56
Explanation and Analysis: