When Mill argues that “society is not founded on a contract,” he seems to be referencing Enlightenment thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political treatise,
The Social Contract. In it, Rousseau asserts that society
is based on a contract between leaders and followers. This contract establishes what the relationship between leaders and subjects should be as well as what individuals owe to society for being allowed to live in it. Mill again shares his opinion that people are only free to act if they don’t hurt anyone else, and society is only justified in interfering with individual conduct if it affects someone else.