The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

by

Victor Hugo

Notre Dame Symbol Analysis

Notre Dame Symbol Icon

The cathedral of Notre Dame symbolizes the city of Paris and the whole of medieval society. The characters are products of their historical era, just as the Gothic architecture of Notre Dame marks it as a product of the medieval period. In this sense, Notre Dame is the characters’ natural environment and the cathedral is frequently compared to a natural organism, a plant, or a living thing. Notre Dame serves as a microcosm of Paris throughout the novel and is portrayed as the heart and center of the city—the whole of Paris, and all other landmarks that the city contains, can be seen from Notre Dame. The major characters live inside the cathedral or find themselves trapped there, and this symbolizes the way that the medieval period was, in some ways, limited: by its lack of scientific knowledge, by strict religious beliefs, and by oppressive systems of government, such as the monarchy. Notre Dame represents the powerful institutions that upheld this oppression, namely the Church and the king; at the time, the king was believed to be appointed by God and was considered head of the Church as well as the state. At the same time, the architectural beauty of Notre Dame symbolizes the creativity and vitality of the medieval period. Notre Dame is a product of its age in both positive ways and negative ones, so overall, it reflects how the medieval period itself has both sinister and admirable aspects.

Notre Dame Quotes in The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The The Hunchback of Notre Dame quotes below all refer to the symbol of Notre Dame. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Gothic Architecture, History, and Art Theme Icon
).
Book 1, Chapter 3 Quotes

Gringoire was what today we would call a true eclectic, one of those elevated, steady, moderate, calm spirits who manage always to steer a middle course […] and are full of reason and liberal philosophy, while yet making due allowance for cardinals […] They are to be found, quite unchanging, in every age, that is, ever in conformity with the times.

Related Characters: Esmeralda, Claude Frollo, Pierre Gringoire, The Cardinal
Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 53
Explanation and Analysis:
Book 2, Chapter 3 Quotes

This was the first taste he had ever had of the delights of vanity. Hitherto, he had known only humiliation, contempt for his condition and disgust for his person. And so, stone deaf though he was, he relished the acclamation of the crowd like a real pope, that crowd which he had detested because he felt it detested him. What did it matter that his people was a pack of fools, cripples, thieves and beggars, it was still a people and he its sovereign. And he took all the ironic applause and mock respect seriously, although it should be said that mixed in with it, among the crowd, went an element of very real fear.

Related Characters: Quasimodo
Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 88
Explanation and Analysis:
Book 3, Chapter 1 Quotes

[…] a vast symphony in stone, as it were; the colossal handiwork of a man and a people, a whole both one and complex, like its sisters, the Iliad and the Romanceros; the prodigious sum contributed by all the resources of an age where, on every stone, you can see, standing out in a hundred ways, the imagination of the workman, disciplined by the genius of the artist; a sort of human creation, in short, as powerful and as fecund as that divine creation whose twin characteristics of variety and eternity it seems to have purloined.

Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 123-124
Explanation and Analysis:

And what we have said here of the facade has to be said of the church as a whole; and what we have said of the cathedral church of Paris has to be said of all the churches of medieval Christendom. Everything is of a piece in this logical, well-proportioned art, which originated in itself. To measure the toe is to measure the giant.

Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 124
Explanation and Analysis:

They make us aware to what extent architecture is a primitive thing, demonstrating as they do, like the cyclopean remains, the pyramids of Egypt, or the gigantic Hindu pagodas, that architecture’s greatest products are less individual than social creations; the offspring of nations in labor rather than the outpouring of men of genius; the deposit left behind by a nation; the accumulation of the centuries; the residue from the successive evaporations of human society; in short, a kind of formation. Each wave of time lays down its alluvium, each race deposits its own stratum on the monument, each individual contributes his stone. Thus do the beavers, and the bees; and thus does man. The great symbol of architecture, Babel, is a beehive.

Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 128-129
Explanation and Analysis:
Book 4, Chapter 3 Quotes

So it was that, little by little, developing always in harmony with the cathedral, living in it, sleeping in it, hardly ever leaving it, subject day in and day out to its mysterious pressure, he came to resemble it, to be incrusted on it, as it were, to form an integral part of it. […] One might almost say that he had taken on its shape, just as the snail takes on the shape of its shell. It was his abode, his hole, his envelope. So deep was the instinctive sympathy between the old church and himself, so numerous the magnetic and material affinities, that he somehow adhered to it like the tortoise to its shell. The gnarled cathedral was his carapace.

Related Characters: Quasimodo
Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 164
Explanation and Analysis:
Book 5, Chapter 1 Quotes

‘No,’ said the archdeacon, seizing Compere Tourangeau by the arm, and a spark of enthusiasm rekindling in his lifeless pupils, ‘No, I don’t deny science. I have not crawled all this time on my belly with my nails in the earth, along the countless passages of the cavern without glimpsing, far ahead of me, at the end of the unlit gallery, a light, a flame, something, doubtless the reflection from the dazzling central laboratory where the wise and the patient have taken God by surprise.’

Related Characters: Claude Frollo (speaker), Louis XI/Compere Tourangeau, Jacques Coictier
Related Symbols: Gold, Notre Dame
Page Number: 184
Explanation and Analysis:
Book 5, Chapter 2 Quotes

Firstly, it was the thought of a priest. It was the alarm felt by the priesthood before a new agent: the printing-press. It was the terror and bewilderment felt by a man of the sanctuary before the luminous press of Gutenberg. It was the pulpit and the manuscript, the spoken and the written word, taking fright at the printed word; something like the stupor felt by a sparrow were it to see the angel legion unfold its six million wings. It was the cry of the prophet who already hears the restless surge of an emancipated mankind, who can see that future time when intelligence will undermine faith, opinion dethrone belief and the world shake off Rome.

Related Characters: Claude Frollo, Louis XI/Compere Tourangeau, Jacques Coictier
Related Symbols: Notre Dame
Page Number: 189
Explanation and Analysis:
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Notre Dame Symbol Timeline in The Hunchback of Notre Dame

The timeline below shows where the symbol Notre Dame appears in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
Book 1, Chapter 3
Appearances, Alienation, and Hypocrisy Theme Icon
Justice, Punishment, and Freedom Theme Icon
...or execution. Jehan verbally attacks the Cardinal. Jehan’s brother, Claude Frollo, is the archdeacon of Notre Dame , so he feels he can get away with it. The Cardinal pays no attention,... (full context)
Book 1, Chapter 5
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The Supernatural, Rationalism, and Knowledge Theme Icon
...He is a hunchback and the crowd quickly recognizes him as Quasimodo, the bell-ringer of Notre Dame . Jehan shouts that pregnant women should not look at him and several women quickly... (full context)
Book 2, Chapter 3
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Lust, Sin, and Misogyny Theme Icon
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...alarmed—they assume that Quasimodo will hurt Frollo. Gringoire suddenly recognizes Frollo as the archdeacon of Notre Dame . Quasimodo leaps down from the litter and kneels before Frollo. Although Quasimodo is much... (full context)
Book 3, Chapter 1
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The cathedral of Notre Dame is an extremely beautiful building, even though it has been damaged and worn away over... (full context)
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The cathedral of Notre Dame is like a symphony or a great work of epic literature, such as “the Iliad... (full context)
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In 1830, Notre Dame ’s façade looks very different from the way it did in the medieval period. The... (full context)
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Much of the stained glass in Notre Dame has been removed and one of its towers has been knocked down and replaced by... (full context)
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Notre Dame is not a purely Gothic cathedral—it is a synthesis of the Romanesque and the Gothic,... (full context)
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The architecture of Notre Dame shows not only the history of Europe, but also the development of different technological and... (full context)
Book 3, Chapter 2
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One of Notre Dame ’s most impressive features is the wonderful view of Paris from its towers. In the... (full context)
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In 1482, looking down from the top of Notre Dame , one can see that the city is split up into three separate districts: the... (full context)
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A person who climbed the tower of Notre Dame in 1482 and stepped out into the air could look down at the maze of... (full context)
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...idea of the shape and design of the city of Paris and the view from Notre Dame in 1482. This is the same city which Voltaire claimed only had four impressive monuments... (full context)
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...Paris, most do not compare to those of 1482, and the view of Paris from Notre Dame is not so beautiful as it was then. To get an idea of how the... (full context)
Book 4, Chapter 1
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...place, a group of old women gather round a bench after the morning service in Notre Dame . It is customary for abandoned children to be left on this bench, where they... (full context)
Book 4, Chapter 2
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Frollo becomes a chaplain in Notre Dame , where he is a popular priest. Since he is renowned for his intelligence, it... (full context)
Book 4, Chapter 3
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In 1482, Quasimodo is 20 years old. Frollo is now the archdeacon of Notre Dame and he appoints Quasimodo the bell-ringer of the cathedral. Quasimodo has grown up inside Notre... (full context)
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Quasimodo spends so much time in Notre Dame that he seems almost to become part of it. He grows to resemble the building... (full context)
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Life inside Notre Dame also shapes Quasimodo’s mind. He lives in extreme isolation and rarely communicates with anyone. Although... (full context)
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...because he cannot express or communicate his thoughts. Due to his lack of experience outside Notre Dame , Quasimodo’s perspective on the world becomes limited and impossible to easily comprehend. He is... (full context)
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...because, everywhere he goes, he is ostracized and insulted. He avoids people and stays in Notre Dame because he knows that society hates him. (full context)
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Quasimodo views the statues inside Notre Dame as his friends and protectors. While people mock him and try to hurt him, the... (full context)
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Notre Dame is the whole world to Quasimodo. He feels that the cathedral is his mother and... (full context)
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To the outside world, Quasimodo’s presence in Notre Dame seems to bring the cathedral to life. The people of Paris often seen him as... (full context)
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In the 19th century, with Quasimodo long dead, Notre Dame feels deserted and abandoned, like a body that has lost its soul. Without Quasimodo, the... (full context)
Book 4, Chapter 4
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Although Quasimodo loves Notre Dame more than he loves most people, he has great affection for his adoptive father, Claude... (full context)
Book 4, Chapter 5
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Frollo also understands the symbols carved on the façade of Notre Dame , which is like a “page from a grimoire written in stone.” Many of these... (full context)
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In their own ways, Quasimodo and Frollo both love Notre Dame . Quasimodo loves it for its beauty and because it is his home and protector,... (full context)
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...dislike women and he even refuses to meet King Louis XI’s daughter when she visits Notre Dame . (full context)
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...the bishop to enforce strict rules to prevent them from performing in the square outside Notre Dame . During this time, Frollo also researches historical cases when the devil appeared to witches... (full context)
Book 5, Chapter 1
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...house. Tourangeau confusedly asks what books Frollo has learned all this from. Frollo points to Notre Dame ’s towers, visible from the window, and explains that these are his books. Frollo then... (full context)
Book 5, Chapter 2
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...a religious building, such as the carvings which Nicholas Flamel designed on the walls of Notre Dame . As people did not have freedom of speech and did not have the tools... (full context)
Book 7, Chapter 1
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...few weeks later on a beautiful spring evening in Paris, as the sun sets behind Notre Dame , a group of young ladies sits on a balcony overlooking the square. The house... (full context)
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...recognizes Esmeralda. As they watch Esmeralda, the group notices a man in the tower of Notre Dame who stares down at Esmeralda like a predator eyeing its prey. Fleur-de-Lys recognizes the man... (full context)
Book 7, Chapter 2
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The man who watches Esmeralda from the tower of Notre Dame is, in fact, Claude Frollo. He is in his cell inside the tower, where he... (full context)
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Inside Notre Dame , the hall is dark and gloomy. Frollo looks very serious when he turns to... (full context)
Book 7, Chapter 3
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The people of Paris start to notice that the bells of Notre Dame do not ring as often or as musically as they did before. Although Quasimodo is... (full context)
Book 7, Chapter 4
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...through Paris, spurred on by hunger (he cannot afford any food), and he arrives at Notre Dame . A priest tells Jehan that Frollo is in his cell and Jehan begins to... (full context)
Book 7, Chapter 5
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...studies—Frollo has been teaching him how to read the stone carvings on the façade of Notre Dame . (full context)
Book 8, Chapter 3
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...of Esmeralda’s satanism. Esmeralda and Djali are sentenced to be hanged in the square outside Notre Dame . As she is dragged off, Esmeralda feels she has entered a nightmare. (full context)
Book 8, Chapter 6
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As Esmeralda approaches the gallows, the doors of Notre Dame open and a procession of priests approaches and chants a mass for the dead. Frollo... (full context)
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As the cart reaches the gallows, Quasimodo, who has been watching the scene from Notre Dame , suddenly appears in the square and snatches Esmeralda from the guards. He carries her... (full context)
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Quasimodo scales the tower of Notre Dame with Esmeralda in his arms and a huge roar goes up from the crowd. Paquette... (full context)
Book 9, Chapter 1
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...Frollo catches a boat along the Seine and tries to make his way back to Notre Dame . (full context)
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...he sees Jehan with his arms around a prostitute. At last, he stumbles back to Notre Dame and, in the moonlight, he thinks that the white stone towers look like the flesh... (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 1
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...been rescued, he does not want to risk his own safety to visit them in Notre Dame . Gringoire has developed a new passion for architecture and this soothes his soul and... (full context)
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...about Esmeralda. Gringoire is confused and says that he heard Esmeralda had taken refuge in Notre Dame . (full context)
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Frollo announces that he already has a plan. He suggests that Gringoire should sneak into Notre Dame and give Esmeralda his clothes to disguise herself and escape. At first Gringoire likes this... (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 3
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...squandered it all for the sake of pleasure. He salutes the truants’ plan to raid Notre Dame and calls to the barmaid for more wine. (full context)
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...truants talk of Esmeralda, whom they plan to rescue, others discuss the many precious objects Notre Dame contains. Jehan says they should hang Quasimodo and he curses his brother, Frollo. Clopin approaches... (full context)
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...Clopin sounds the alarm and the truants begin to creep through Paris and make for Notre Dame . (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 4
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...peers down from the tower, he sees strange, black shapes moving through the streets towards Notre Dame . It looks like a mass of figures moving silently and in darkness. Quasimodo believes... (full context)
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Quasimodo wonders frantically what to do. He wants to help Esmeralda escape, but he knows Notre Dame may be surrounded. As the crowd draws closer, they light torches and their faces become... (full context)
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In the square beneath Notre Dame , Clopin and Jehan take up a defiant stance at the base of the cathedral.... (full context)
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...crash disturbs the truants. A beam of wood has been hurled from the top of Notre Dame and crushed several of them. The others draw back hurriedly and tremble as they look... (full context)
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...fend them all off. They look like hideous monsters besieging the church. The towers of Notre Dame glow red with fire and this light can be seen across Paris. (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 5
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...part of Paris the bailiff controls and Coictier replies that it is the district near Notre Dame . Louis XI murmurs happily that the bailiff has a “nice slice of Paris” there.... (full context)
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...of the window and happily admires the distant fire, which the rioters have lit at Notre Dame . Jacques Coppenole joins him by the window and says that it must be a... (full context)
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...against the bailiff but against the king himself. He explains that the rioters have attacked Notre Dame because a witch, whom they want dead, has taken sanctuary there. Notre Dame, and anyone... (full context)
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After he has given his order, Louis XI falls to his knees and prays to Notre Dame for forgiveness. He swears he will only break the sanctity of her refuge this once.... (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 6
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...and Gringoire replies that it is “blazing bayonets.” Gringoire asks how they will get inside Notre Dame and Frollo replies that he has the key to the tower and another key that... (full context)
Book 10, Chapter 7
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On the battlements of Notre Dame , Quasimodo loses hope of fending off the truants, who continue to besiege the cathedral.... (full context)
Book 11, Chapter 1
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...bed, overcome by fear, and, although she is not a Christian, she prays desperately to Notre Dame for salvation.  (full context)
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...back door of the tower, which leads onto the tip of the island on which Notre Dame sits. A small boat is moored there and Esmeralda, Gringoire, Djali, and Frollo climb in.... (full context)
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They can now hear cries of “hang the witch!” coming from the towers of Notre Dame . Esmeralda nearly faints with fear and clings to Gringoire. Gringoire feels conflicted. He is... (full context)
Book 11, Chapter 2
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Quasimodo desperately searches Notre Dame for Esmeralda. Before Tristan found Esmeralda in the square, Quasimodo led him all over the... (full context)
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...him is stone. Finally, the spout gives way and Frollo plunges from the tower of Notre Dame . He lands on the roof of a house below, then slides off to the... (full context)
Book 11, Chapter 3
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Quasimodo disappears from Notre Dame that afternoon. Rumors circulate that the demon Quasimodo has finally carried Frollo’s soul to Hell.... (full context)