Other than the flashback featuring Hugo’s father, there is little information given in the story about Hugo’s past. Antoine and Louis are an exception to the rule, though they are not mentioned again. Their presence is a reminder of the normal life Hugo once had before it was all taken away. Meanwhile, Jules Verne and Hans Christian Andersen are both writers whose works inspired this story. Jules Verne is known for his adventure stories such as
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, while Hans Christian Andersen is known for his fairy tales such as “The Little Mermaid” and “The Ugly Duckling.”