The Shawl

by

Louise Erdrich

Son/Father Character Analysis

The narrator’s father is an Anishinaabeg man who experiences several tragedies in his life. When he is five years old, his mother, Aanakwad, has a child by a man who is not her husband and ends up leaving the family as a result. When the other man’s uncle comes to fetch Aanakwad, the son is meant to stay with his father while his sister, the daughter, leaves with their mother and her infant. The son, dismayed that he is being left behind, tries to jump on the departing wagon, and then chases it desperately through the snow as fast as he can. Eventually he loses consciousness, but not before seeing some gray shapes approach the trail that the cart is on. He later finds out from his father that the shapes were wolves, and that his sister was eaten by them, with only a scrap of her plaid shawl remaining. His father assumes that Aanakwad fed her daughter to the wolves in order to save herself and her infant, an idea that haunts the son. As an adult, he struggles through the difficult period when the U.S. government moves the Anishinaabeg people from their reservation into towns and public housing. His wife dies during this time and he turns to alcohol, neglecting his three children—the narrator, Raymond, and Doris—and beginning to beat them when he comes home drunk. Eventually, when the narrator, his oldest son, is 13, the two get into a fight in which the narrator knocks down and bloodies his father. After this fight, the father reveals the story of his sister for the first time, and his drinking and abuse seem to stop. The father remains sober, and eventually begins a new romantic relationship. Some time later, the narrator and his father discuss the events that led to his sister’s death again. The narrator suggests to his father that rather than continue to carry around his sister’s shawl, he should burn it in accordance with their people’s traditions, and the father agrees to do so. The narrator also suggests to the father that his current understanding of his sister’s death—that she was thrown to the wolves—might not be what actually happened. It’s possible, he tells his father, that his sister instead sacrificed herself to save her family, suggesting that the father’s sense of loss and shame at his family legacy might just as easily be reinterpreted into a sense of pride and heroism.

Son/Father Quotes in The Shawl

The The Shawl quotes below are all either spoken by Son/Father or refer to Son/Father. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Inheritance, Reinterpretation, and Personal and Cultural Legacy Theme Icon
).
The Shawl Quotes

He became, for us, a thing to be avoided, outsmarted, and exploited. We survived off him as if he were a capricious and dangerous line of work. I suppose we stopped thinking of him as a human being, certainly as a father.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father, Raymond, Doris
Page Number: 395
Explanation and Analysis:

His nose had been pushed to one side in a fight, then slammed back to the other side, so now it was straight.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Page Number: 395
Explanation and Analysis:

Gently, though, he clasped one hand around my wrist. With the other hand he took the shawl. He crumpled it and held it to the middle of his forehead. It was as if he were praying, as if he were having thoughts he wanted to collect in that piece of cloth. For a while he lay like that, and I, crouched over, let him be, hardly breathing. Something told me to sit there, still. And then at last he said to me, in the sober new voice I would hear from then on, Did you know I had a sister once?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Related Symbols: The Shawl
Page Number: 397
Explanation and Analysis:

There was a time when the government moved everybody off the farthest reaches of the reservation, onto roads, into towns, into housing. It looked good at first, and then it all went sour. Shortly afterward, it seemed that anyone who was someone was either drunk, killed, near suicide, or had just dusted himself. None of the old sort were left, it seemed — the old kind of people, the Gete-anishinaabeg, who are kind beyond kindness and would do anything for others. It was during that time that my mother died and my father hurt us, as I have said.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Page Number: 396
Explanation and Analysis:

First, I told him that keeping his sister’s shawl was wrong, because we never keep the clothing of the dead. Now’s the time to burn it, I said. Send it off to cloak her spirit. And he agreed.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father, Daughter
Related Symbols: The Shawl
Page Number: 397
Explanation and Analysis:

The other thing I said to him was in the form of a question. Have you ever considered, I asked him, given how tenderhearted your sister was, and how brave, that she looked at the whole situation? She saw that the wolves were only hungry. She knew that their need was only need. She knew that you were back there, alone in the snow. She understood that the baby she loved would not live without a mother, and that only the uncle knew the way. She saw clearly that one person on the wagon had to be offered up, or they all would die. And in that moment of knowledge, don’t you think, being who she was, of the old sort of Anishinaabeg, who things of the good of the people first, she jumped, my father, indede, brother to that little girl? Don’t you think she lifted her shawl and flew?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Aanakwad, Son/Father, Daughter, Uncle
Page Number: 397-8
Explanation and Analysis:
Get the entire The Shawl LitChart as a printable PDF.
The Shawl PDF

Son/Father Quotes in The Shawl

The The Shawl quotes below are all either spoken by Son/Father or refer to Son/Father. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
Inheritance, Reinterpretation, and Personal and Cultural Legacy Theme Icon
).
The Shawl Quotes

He became, for us, a thing to be avoided, outsmarted, and exploited. We survived off him as if he were a capricious and dangerous line of work. I suppose we stopped thinking of him as a human being, certainly as a father.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father, Raymond, Doris
Page Number: 395
Explanation and Analysis:

His nose had been pushed to one side in a fight, then slammed back to the other side, so now it was straight.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Page Number: 395
Explanation and Analysis:

Gently, though, he clasped one hand around my wrist. With the other hand he took the shawl. He crumpled it and held it to the middle of his forehead. It was as if he were praying, as if he were having thoughts he wanted to collect in that piece of cloth. For a while he lay like that, and I, crouched over, let him be, hardly breathing. Something told me to sit there, still. And then at last he said to me, in the sober new voice I would hear from then on, Did you know I had a sister once?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Related Symbols: The Shawl
Page Number: 397
Explanation and Analysis:

There was a time when the government moved everybody off the farthest reaches of the reservation, onto roads, into towns, into housing. It looked good at first, and then it all went sour. Shortly afterward, it seemed that anyone who was someone was either drunk, killed, near suicide, or had just dusted himself. None of the old sort were left, it seemed — the old kind of people, the Gete-anishinaabeg, who are kind beyond kindness and would do anything for others. It was during that time that my mother died and my father hurt us, as I have said.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father
Page Number: 396
Explanation and Analysis:

First, I told him that keeping his sister’s shawl was wrong, because we never keep the clothing of the dead. Now’s the time to burn it, I said. Send it off to cloak her spirit. And he agreed.

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Son/Father, Daughter
Related Symbols: The Shawl
Page Number: 397
Explanation and Analysis:

The other thing I said to him was in the form of a question. Have you ever considered, I asked him, given how tenderhearted your sister was, and how brave, that she looked at the whole situation? She saw that the wolves were only hungry. She knew that their need was only need. She knew that you were back there, alone in the snow. She understood that the baby she loved would not live without a mother, and that only the uncle knew the way. She saw clearly that one person on the wagon had to be offered up, or they all would die. And in that moment of knowledge, don’t you think, being who she was, of the old sort of Anishinaabeg, who things of the good of the people first, she jumped, my father, indede, brother to that little girl? Don’t you think she lifted her shawl and flew?

Related Characters: Narrator (speaker), Aanakwad, Son/Father, Daughter, Uncle
Page Number: 397-8
Explanation and Analysis: