As the title suggests, war is central in John Marsden’s Tomorrow, When the War Began. After a group of Australian teenagers return from a camping trip in the bush to find their small town invaded and taken over by an unknown foreign power, they fear it is the beginning of World War Three. The small group of seven, including Ellie and her best friend, Corrie, find their houses abandoned and their families missing, and they have no idea who is responsible or why. The young friends don’t know their enemy, but they are determined to survive, and they are prepared to do whatever it takes. As Ellie and her friends retreat into the bush, breaking laws and even killing to get away, they question the morality of their choices; and after they discover the war is aimed at “reducing imbalances within the region,” they question both the morality of war and the very society that produced it. Tomorrow, When the War Began explores the moral implications of war and the difficult choices one must make to survive, ultimately suggesting that traditional notions of right and wrong do not exist in war.
Ellie is forced to do many illegal things throughout the course of the war that leave her questioning her own morality and ethics, which illustrates Marsden’s argument that war blurs the line between right and wrong. When enemy soldiers chase Ellie and her friends through a residential neighborhood, firing rifles at them, Ellie rigs a bomb out of a lawnmower and kills two people. Afterward, Ellie can’t come to terms with what she has done. She feels her life is “permanently damaged” and fears she will “never be normal again.” In breaking such a fundamental law, Ellie questions what it says about her own morality. After Lee, a member of Ellie’s group, is shot and they must get him to safety, Ellie runs right over a jeep full of soldiers while driving a piece of heavy equipment. The large truck, similar to a bulldozer, nearly flattens the jeep, killing two soldiers inside. Ellie is again responsible for taking human life, which further complicates her feelings of morality. Throughout the novel, Ellie commits many crimes, including “stealing, driving without a licence, wilful damage, assault, manslaughter, or murder maybe, going through a stop sign, driving without lights, breaking and entering,” and a whole host of lesser offenses. Each of these laws, however, are broken in the name of survival, and while Marsden does not suggest that this excuses them, he does imply that it is an important consideration.
The line between right and wrong is further blurred by the war itself, which begins due to social inequality, creating sympathy for the enemy and complicating traditional notions of ethics and morality. When Kevin, another member of the group, asks what it means to “reduce imbalance in the region,” Robyn, another group member, explains it has to do with equality and neighboring countries who have nothing despite the relative wealth of Australia. “You can’t blame them for resenting it, and we haven’t done much to reduce any imbalances,” Robyn says, “just sat on our fat backsides, enjoyed our money and felt smug.” In this way, Australia is partially responsible for the invasion, making the war seem less unethical. While Robyn’s view on the war isn’t initially popular with her friends, she explains that right and wrong aren’t always clearly defined. “There doesn’t have to be a right side and a wrong side. Both sides can be right, or both sides can be wrong,” she says, further complicating notions of morality and traditional ideas of right and wrong. According to Homer, “normal rules don’t apply” during war. “These people have invaded our land [and] locked up our families,” Homer argues, adding, “They’re the ones who tore up the rule book, not us.” Thus, anything Ellie and her friends must do to meet this force is expected and excused.
As the war continues, Ellie grows unsure of what is exactly right and what is exactly wrong. “Human laws, moral laws, religious laws, they seemed artificial and basic, almost childlike,” Ellie says. She is guided by a “sense” within herself, “often not much more than a striving—to find the right thing to do,” and she must follow that sense. Ellie isn’t sure if it is “instinct, conscience, [or] imagination” but, during the war at least, it is how she tests the boundaries of her ethics and morality.
War, Law, and Morality ThemeTracker
War, Law, and Morality Quotes in Tomorrow, When the War Began
Well, I’d better stop biting my tongue and start biting the bullet. There’s only one way to do this and that’s to tell it in order, chronological order. I know writing it down is important to us. That’s why we all got so excited when Robyn suggested it. It’s terribly, terribly important. Recording what we’ve done, in words, on paper, it’s got to be our way of telling ourselves that we mean something, that we matter. That the things we’ve done have made a difference. I don’t know how big a difference, but a difference. Writing it down means we might be remembered. And by God that matters to us. None of us wants to end up as a pile of dead white bones, unnoticed, unknown, and worst of all, with no one knowing or appreciating the risks we’ve run.
Finally we came to an agreement, and it wasn’t too bad, considering. We could take the Land Rover but I was the only one allowed to drive it, even though Kevin had his P’s and I didn’t. But Dad knows I'm a good driver. We could go to the top of Tailor’s Stitch. We could invite the boys but we had to have more people: at least six and up to eight. That was because Mum and Dad thought there was less chance of an orgy if there were more people. Not that they'd admit that was the reason—they said it was to do with safety—but I know them too well.
And yes. I’ve written that “o” in “know” carefully—I wouldn’t want it to be confused with an “e.”
It was about half past two when we got to the top. Fi had ridden the last couple of k’s, but we were all relieved to get out of the Landie and stretch our bones. We came out on the south side of a knoll near Mt Martin. That was the end of the vehicle track: from then on it was shanks’s pony. But for the time being we wandered around and admired the view. On one side you could see the ocean: beautiful Cobbler’s Bay, one of my favourite places, and according to Dad one of the world’s great natural harbours, used only by the occasional fishing boat or cruising yacht. It was too far from the city for anything else. We could see a couple of ships there this time though; one looked like a large trawler maybe.
Suddenly the loud buzzing became a roar. I couldn’t believe how quickly it changed. It was probably because of the high walls of rock that surrounded our campsite. And like black bats screaming out of the sky, blotting out the stars, a V-shaped line of jets raced overhead, very low overhead. Then another, then another, till six lines in all had stormed through the sky above me. Their noise, their speed, their darkness frightened me. I realised that I was crouching, as though being beaten. I stood up. It seemed that they were gone. The noise faded quickly, till I could no longer hear it. But something remained. The air didn’t seem as clear, as pure. There was a new atmosphere. The sweetness had gone; the sweet burning coldness had been replaced by a new humidity. I could smell the jet fuel. We’d thought that we were among the first humans to invade this basin, but humans had invaded everything, everywhere. They didn’t have to walk into a place to invade it. Even Hell was not immune.
I went for a walk back up the track, to the last of Satan’s Steps. The sun had already warmed the great granite wall and I leaned against it with my eyes half shut, thinking about our hike, and the path and the man who’d built it, and this place called Hell. “Why did people call it Hell?” I wondered. All those cliffs and rocks, and that vegetation, it did look wild. But wild wasn’t Hell. Wild was fascinating, difficult, wonderful. No place was Hell, no place could be Hell. It’s the people calling it Hell, that’s the only thing that made it so. People just sticking names on places, so that no one could see those places properly any more. Every time they looked at them or thought about them the first thing they saw was a huge big sign saying “Housing Commission” or “private school” or “church” or “mosque” or “synagogue.” They stopped looking once they saw those signs.
The rational thing to do would have been to leave her and rush into the house, because I knew that nothing so awful could have happened to the dogs unless something more awful had happened to my parents. But I had already stopped thinking rationally. I slipped Millie’s chain off and the old dog staggered to her feet, then collapsed forward onto her front knees. I decided, brutally, that I couldn’t spend any more time with her. I’d helped her enough.
Robyn took over. “We’ve got to think, guys. I know we all want to rush off, but this is one time we can’t afford to give in to feelings. There could be a lot at stake here. Lives even. We’ve got to assume that something really bad is happening, something quite evil. If we’re wrong, then we can laugh about it later, but we’ve got to assume that they’re not down the pub or gone on a holiday.”
“Maybe all my mother’s stories made me think of it before you guys. And like Robyn said before, if we’re wrong,” he was struggling to get the words out, his face twisting like someone having a stroke, “if we’re wrong you can laugh as long and loud as you want. But for now, for now, let’s say it’s true. Let’s say we’ve been invaded. I think there might be a war.”
I couldn’t look at anyone, just down at the table, at the piece of muesli box that I was screwing up and twisting and spinning around in my fingers. It was hard for me to believe that I, plain old Ellie, nothing special about me, middle of the road in every way, had probably just killed three people. It was too big a thing for me to get my mind around. When I thought of it baldly like that: killed three people, I was so filled with horror. I felt that my life was permanently damaged, that I could never be normal again, that the rest of my life would just be a shell.
Homer was becoming more surprising with every passing hour. It was getting hard to remember that this fast-thinking guy, who’d just spent fifteen minutes getting us laughing and talking and feeling good again, wasn’t even trusted to hand out the books at school.
I realised to my disbelief that it had been only about twenty hours since we'd emerged from the bush into this new world. Lives can be changed that quickly. In some ways we should have been used to change. We'd seen a bit of it ourselves. This treehouse, for instance. Corrie and I had spent many hours under its shady roof, holding tea parties, organising our dolls' social lives, playing school, spying on the shearers, pretending we were prisoners trapped there. All our games were imitations of adult rituals and adult lives, although we didn’t realise it then of course.
“They seemed such innocent days. You know, when we got to high school and stuff, I used to look back and smile and think ‘God, was I ever innocent!’ Santa Claus and tooth fairies and thinking that Mum stuck your paintings on the fridge because they were masterpieces. But I’ve learnt something now. Corrie, we were still innocent. Right up to yesterday. We didn’t believe in Santa Claus but we believed in other fantasies. You said it. You said the big one. We believed we were safe. That was the big fantasy. Now we know we’re not, and like you said, we’ll never feel safe again, and so it’s bye-bye innocence. It’s been nice knowing you, but you’re gone now.”
“What does it mean ‘reducing imbalances within the region’?” Kevin asked.
“I guess he’s talking about sharing things more equally,” Robyn said. “We’ve got all this land and all these resources, and yet there’s countries a crow’s spit away that have people packed in like battery hens. You can’t blame them for resenting it, and we haven’t done much to reduce any imbalances, just sat on our fat backsides, enjoyed our money and felt smug.”
“It’s just not right,” said Kevin stubbornly.
“Maybe not. But neither’s your way of looking at it. There doesn’t have to be a right side and a wrong side. Both sides can be right, or both sides can be wrong. I think both countries are in the wrong this time.”
“So does that mean you’re not going to fight them?’ Kevin asked, still looking for a fight himself.
Robyn sighed. “I don’t know. I already have, haven’t I? I was right there with Ellie when we smashed our way through Wirrawee. I guess I’ll keep fighting them, for the sake of my family. But after the war, if there is such a time as after the war. I’ll work damn hard to change things. I don’t care if I spend the rest of my life doing it.”
Only humans knew about Hell; they were the experts on it. I remembered wondering if humans were Hell. The Hermit for instance; whatever had happened that terrible Christmas Eve, whether he’d committed an act of great love, or an act of great evil... But that was the whole problem, that as a human being he could have done either and he could have done both. Other creatures didn’t have this problem. They just did what they did. I didn’t know if the Hermit was a saint or a devil, but once he’d fired those two shots it seemed that he and the people round him had sent him into Hell. They sent him there and he sent himself there. He didn’t have to trek all the way across to these mountains into this wild basin of heat and rock and bush. He carried Hell with him, as we all did, like a little load on our backs that we hardly noticed most of the time, or like a huge great hump of suffering that bent us over with its weight.
I too had blood on my hands, like the Hermit, and just as I couldn’t tell whether his actions were good or bad, so too I couldn’t tell what mine were. Had I killed out of love of my friends, as part of a noble crusade to rescue friends and family and keep our land free? Or had I killed because I valued my life above that of others? Would it be OK for me to kill a dozen others to keep myself alive? A hundred? A thousand? At what point did I condemn myself to Hell, if I hadn’t already done so? The Bible just said “Thou shalt not kill,” then told hundreds of stories of people killing each other and becoming heroes, like David with Goliath. That didn’t help me much.
All I could think of to do was to trust to instinct. That was all I had really. Human laws, moral laws, religious laws, they seemed artificial and basic, almost childlike. I had a sense within me—often not much more than a striving—to find the right thing to do, and I had to have faith in that sense. Call it anything—instinct, conscience, imagination—but what it felt like was a constant testing of everything I did against some kind of boundaries within me; checking, checking, all the time.
We’ve got to stick together, that’s all I know. We all drive each other crazy at times, but I don’t want to end up here alone, like the Hermit. Then this really would be Hell. Humans do such terrible things to each other that sometimes my brain tells me they must be evil. But my heart still isn’t convinced. I just hope we can survive.