What the Eyes Don’t See

by

Mona Hanna-Attisha

What the Eyes Don’t See Characters

Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha

Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha is the author and narrator of What the Eyes Don’t See. The only member of her Iraqi immigrant family to be born in the U.S., Mona grew up in the Royal… read analysis of Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha

Elin Betanzo

Elin Betanzo is one of Mona’s oldest and closest friends. Elin and Mona served together in their high school’s Students for Environmental Awareness club, working tirelessly to bring awareness of environmental justice issues to… read analysis of Elin Betanzo

Mona’s Mother/Bebe

Bebe is Mona and Mark’s mother, Jidu’s wife, and Layla and Nina’s grandmother. She’s a warm, gregarious woman who is completely dedicated to her family. Bebe often comes over to Mona’s house… read analysis of Mona’s Mother/Bebe

Mona’s Father/Jidu

Jidu is Mona and Mark’s father, Bebe’s husband, and Layla and Nina’s grandfather. He’s portrayed as a loving, hard-working, yet often mournful man who worked hard to make sure his family could… read analysis of Mona’s Father/Jidu

Haji

Haji was Mona and Mark’s grandfather and Bebe’s mother. A Baghdadi businessman who rose to prominence the director of Pepsi-Cola in Iraq, Haji never let his success cause him to lose sight of… read analysis of Haji
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Muaked “Mark” Hanna

Mona’s brother Mark is a public interest litigator based in Washington, D.C. Their mother and father raised them with a strong sense of community and a directive to always fight for what was right… read analysis of Muaked “Mark” Hanna

Marc Edwards

Marc Edwards is a civil and environmental engineer who was instrumental in bringing to light both the Washington, D.C. and Flint, Michigan water crises. One of the world’s leading experts in water corrosion in home… read analysis of Marc Edwards

Jenny LaChance

Jenny was one of the research coordinators at Hurley around the start of the Flint water crisis. In 2015, Mona and Jenny began collaborating on data spreads that would show how blood-lead levels had spiked… read analysis of Jenny LaChance

Grace, Reeva, and Nakala

Reeva and Nakala were two of Mona’s young patients, and Grace was their mother. Before Mona knew that there was anything wrong with the Flint tap water, she advised Grace not to worry about… read analysis of Grace, Reeva, and Nakala

Rick Snyder

Rick Snyder was the Governor of Michigan from 2011 to 2019. A former Gateway businessman, Snyder was pushed further right politically by the Tea Party faction of the Republican Party. He passed legislation that would… read analysis of Rick Snyder

Dayne Walling

Dayne Walling was the mayor of Flint from 2009 to 2015. Though Walling was an elected official, he had been stripped of most of his power by the time the city of Flint chose to… read analysis of Dayne Walling

Miguel Del Toral

Miguel Del Toral is a former regional groundwater regulations manager for the Environmental Protection Agency. He was one of the first people to warn the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality that there was a… read analysis of Miguel Del Toral

John Snow

John Snow was a 19th-century physician and scientist who became “the founding father of public health” in 1854, when he used revolutionary mapping techniques to locate, track, and contain a cholera outbreak in his London… read analysis of John Snow

Paul Shekwana

Paul Shewkana was a distant cousin of Mona’s, an Iraqi immigrant to the U.S. who became the first bacteriologist to work in the country. After completing groundbreaking work on an outbreak of typhoid fever in… read analysis of Paul Shekwana

Dean Sienko

Dean Sienko, is a friend of Mona’s and a physician who’d worked for the Center for Disease Control before becoming the associate dean of public health at Michigan State University (this is why Mona… read analysis of Dean Sienko

Dan Kildee

Dan Kildee is a politician who has served as the U.S. Representative for Michigan’s 5th congressional district—where Flint is located—since 2013. Kildee was one of the few government officials who recognized Mona’s research as… read analysis of Dan Kildee

Charles “Boss” Kettering

Charles “Boss” Kettering was an American inventor and businessman who headed the research department of General Motors from 1920 to 1947. Mona calls Kettering the greatest “public health villain” of all time because of his… read analysis of Charles “Boss” Kettering

Alice Hamilton

Alice Hamilton was a social justice pioneer, medical doctor, and professor who was one of the earliest and most vocal critics of the production of leaded gasoline in the early 1900s. Mona looked to Alice… read analysis of Alice Hamilton

Melany Gavulic

Melany Gavulic was the CEO of Hurley and Mona’s boss during the Flint water crisis. A Flint native and former nurse, Melany was one of the few people who took Mona’s early research into… read analysis of Melany Gavulic

Kirk Smith

Kirk Smith is an old friend of Mona’s and the CEO of the Greater Flint Health Coalition (GFHC) during the Flint water crisis. As Mona went public with the blood-lead data sourced from her… read analysis of Kirk Smith

Jim Ananich

Jim Ananich was the Flint state senator during the Flint water crisis. Ananich, a Democrat, took an interest in Mona’s research early on and helped her to assemble a team that would back her… read analysis of Jim Ananich

Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi politician who played a key role in the Ba’ath Revolution before ascending to power as the fifth President of Iraq in 1979. Hussein was a violent dictator who was responsible… read analysis of Saddam Hussein
Minor Characters
Elliott
Elliott is Mona’s husband. A Flint-area pediatrician like his wife, Elliott is portrayed throughout the book as gentle, thoughtful, supportive, and funny. Throughout the water crisis, Elliott repeatedly encouraged Mona to press on with her research and to speak out no matter the consequences.
Nina and Layla
Nina and Layla are Mona and Elliott’s young daughters.
Mark Valacak
Mark Valacak was the county health director during the Flint water crisis.
Jordan Dickinson
Jordan Dickinson was Representative Dan Kildee’s legislative director during the Flint water crisis.
Brad Wurfel
Brad Wurfel was the spokesperson for the MDEQ during the Flint water crisis.
Lawrence Reynolds
Lawrence Reynolds was the CEO of the Mott Children’s Health Center in Flint during the Flint water crisis. A decorated doctor and public health advocate, Reynolds served as a mentor and ally to Mona as she waged her battle against city, county, and state officials.
Allison Schnepp
Allison Schnepp was a pediatric resident on Mona’s service at Hurley during the Flint water crisis. A kind and empathetic young mother, Allison helped Mona throughout her battle to bring awareness to what was happening in Flint.
Andy Leavitt
Andy Leavitt was Senator Jim Ananich’s chief of staff during the Flint water crisis. Andy became a dedicated member of Mona’s team after they met during Mona’s presentation to a number of city and state officials in September of 2015.
Howard Croft
Howard Croft was the head of the Flint public works department during the Flint water crisis. In the wake of the crisis, Croft was charged with a felony and removed from his post.
Natasha Henderson
Natasha Henderson was the Flint city manager during the Flint water crisis. In the wake of the crisis, Henderson was charged with a felony and removed from her post.
Nuri Rufail Koutani/Anwar
Nuri Rufail Koutani was a revolutionary and leftist organizer who used the pseudonym Anwar during the 1930s and beyond. He was Mona’s maternal great-uncle and a legendary figure in her upbringing.
Dawood Hanna
Dawood Hanna was Mona’s paternal grandfather.
Ron Fonger
Ron Fonger is a Flint-based journalist at The Flint Journal who helped Mona break her findings to the media.
Rick Sadler
Rick Sadler is a nutrition geographer at Michigan State University who helped Mona and Jenny harness geographic information systems (GIS) software to sharpen their study of which parts of Flint were most affected by the water crisis.
Eden Wells
Eden Wells was the chief medical officer for the state of Michigan during the Flint water crisis. In the wake of the crisis, Wells was charged with involuntary manslaughter for her failure to act in the crisis.
Nick Lyon
Nick Lyon was a higher-up with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, or the MDHHS, during the Flint water crisis. In the wake of the crisis, Lyon was charged with involuntary manslaughter.
Dan Wyant
Dan Wyant was the head of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, or the MDEQ, during the Flint water crisis.
Debbie Stabenow
Debbie Stabenow is a senior United States senator from Michigan. A former social worker, Stabenow’s policies have long focused on advocating for children. When Mona met with Senator Stabenow in 2015, Stabenow vowed to help her advocate for the children of Flint.
Karen Weaver
Karen Weaver served as the mayor of Flint from 2015–2019.
Bunyan Bryant
Bunyan Bryant is a renowned environmental justice pioneer and a hero of Mona’s.
Mama Evelyn
Mona's paternal grandmother, who helps Mona to feel connected to her family's Iraqi roots.