In 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World, Shafak illustrates how political and religious structures can suppress personal freedom, while the search for individual identity becomes an act of resistance. Leila’s life unfolds against the backdrop of political instability in Turkey, a country caught between Western progressivism and deeply rooted cultural values. This tension is apparent in Leila’s murder at the hands of two religious extremists, who believe they’re saving her soul by killing a sex worker. Her death exemplifies how religion is often weaponized to justify heinous behavior, while the Turkish law’s refusal to allow her friends to give her a proper funeral reflects a national politics that dehumanizes the marginalized, treating them as uniformly undeserving of care or respect.
As they navigate political coups, protests, and violence, Leila and her friends must also grapple with their own searches for identity and autonomy. Jameelah, who is originally from Somalia, chooses to follow Christianity over Islam. She makes this choice even though it estranges her from her siblings, who view her choice as a betrayal. Zaynab122, on the other hand, practices a blend of Islam and superstitious beliefs, creating her own personal spiritual identity that defies rigid classification. Meanwhile, Nostalgia Nalan’s existence as a trans woman is inherently political—she navigates her gender identity alongside societal rejection, refusing to trust in any religion that has historically oppressed people like her. And, tragically, D/Ali’s commitment to his own revolutionary ideals ultimately leads to his death. These characters, caught between competing forces, reject what is expected of them and bravely forge their own identities that reflect their independent values and desires. The novel’s critique of both religious and political structures suggests that true freedom lies in transcending ideological constraints and forming a sense of self that is, above all else, rooted in compassion and humanity.
Religion, Political Conflict, and Identity ThemeTracker

Religion, Political Conflict, and Identity Quotes in 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in This Strange World
“What’s your name?” he shouted at her over the wind.
She told him. “And what’s yours?”
“Me? Don’t have a name yet.”
“Everyone has a name.”
“Well, true . . . but I don’t like mine. For now you can call me Hiç—‘Nothing’.”
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Get LitCharts A+Auntie glanced out of the window, intimidated by the world far and beyond. It was one of the endless troubles of her life that, even after all this time, and even after she had had two children, her fear of being kicked out of this house had not abated in the slightest. She still did not feel secure.
“What about people in Canada or Korea or France?” Leila asked.
“What about them?”
“Well, you know . . . they are not Muslim, generally. What happens to them after they die? I mean, the angels can’t ask them to recite our prayers.”
Baba said, “Why not? Everyone gets the same questions.”
“But those people in other countries can’t recite the Qur’an, can they?”
“Exactly. Anyone who is not a proper Muslim will fail the angels’ exam. Straight to hell. That’s why we must spread Allah’s message to as many people as possible. That’s how we’ll save their souls.”
Baba never hit Leila. Neither before nor after. Though a man of several shortcomings, he never displayed physical aggression or uncontrolled wrath. So for bringing this impulse out in him, for rousing something so dark, so alien to his character, he would always hold her responsible.
She, too, blamed herself and would continue to do so for years to come.
Like a trapped butterfly, thought Leila. That’s what her brother had been in their midst. She feared they had all let this beautiful child down, one by one, including herself, mostly herself.
“My shiekh says Allah will curse you and I will live to see the day. That will be my compensation.”
There were drops of condensation on the window. She touched one gently with her fingertip, held it for a second, and then let go, watching it roll down. A pain throbbed somewhere inside her body, in a place she was unable to locate.
“Don’t phone us again,” he said. “If you do, we’ll tell the operator we are not accepting the call. We don’t have a daughter called Leyla. Leyla Afife Kamile: you don’t deserve those names.”
You said cows recognize people who have hurt them in the past. Sheep can identify faces as well. But I ask myself, what good does it do them to remember so much when they can’t change a thing?
Her gut warned her that there was more to him than the considerate, gentle young man she saw and she had to be very careful. But her heart pushed her forward—just like it had done when, as a newborn baby, she had lain motionless under a blanket of salt.
But it wasn’t out of sheer kindness or an admission of some unconfessed guilt that Bitter Ma had given her much-needed blessing. D/Ali had paid her a hefty sum—an amount unheard of on the street of brothels. Later on, when Leila would pressure him about where he had got the money from, he would say his comrades had chipped in. The revolution, he claimed, was all for love and for lovers.
Clothing: a gold-sequinned dress (torn), high-heeled shoes, lace underwear. A clutch bag containing an ID card, a lipstick, a notebook, a fountain pen and house keys. No money, no jewellery (might have been stolen).
The time of death is estimated to be between 3:30 a.m. and 5:30 a.m. No sign of sexual intercourse detected. The victim was beaten with a heavy (blunt) instrument and strangled to death after being knocked unconscious.
While it was true that nothing could take the place of a loving, happy blood family, in the absence of one, a good water family could wash away the hurt and pain collected inside like black soot. [...] But those who had never experienced what it felt like to be spurned by their own relatives would not understand this truth in a million years. They would never know that there were times when water ran thicker than blood.
Istanbul was an illusion. A magician’s trick gone wrong.
Istanbul was a dream that existed solely in the minds of hashish eaters. In truth, there was no Istanbul. There were multiple Istanbuls—struggling, competing, clashing, each perceiving that, in the end, only one could survive.
Not once had he touched any of the women. He took pride in that — being beyond the needs of the flesh. Cold as steel, each time he had watched from the side, until the very end.
“Look, maybe for believers like you the body is trivial . . . temporary. But not for me. And you know what? I’ve fought so hard for my body! For these”—she pointed to her breasts—“for my cheekbones . . .” She stopped. “Sorry if that sounds frivolous. [...] But I need you to see that the body matters too.”
[...] it seemed to Nalan that religion—and power and money and ideology and politics—acted like a hood too. All these superstitions and predictions and beliefs deprived human beings of sight, keeping them under control, but deep within weakening their self-esteem to such a point that they now feared anything, everything.
Religion had always been a source of hope, resilience and love—a lift that carried her up from the basement of darkness into a spiritual light. It pained her that the same lift could just as easily take others all the way down. [...] [S]he would love to ask Him just one simple question: “Why did you allow Yourself to be so widely misunderstood, my beautiful and merciful God?”
[...] it didn’t matter anymore, the question of why they were not meeting his comrades and of what the revolution was going to be like in that bright future that might or might not come. Perhaps nothing was worth worrying about in a city where everything was constantly shifting and dissolving, and the only thing they could ever rely on was this moment in time, which was already half gone.
“Nice to see you, finally,” said the fish. “What took you so long?”
[...]
Smiling at her confusion, the blue betta fish said, “Follow me.”
Now finding her voice, Leila said, with a shyness she could not conceal, “I don’t know how to swim. I never learned.”
“Don’t worry about that. You know everything you need to know.”