Burmese Days suggests that freedom of speech is essential to avoiding loneliness: people must be able to express themselves honestly to avoid alienation, isolation, and depression. The novel illustrates the relationship between freedom of speech and loneliness through John Flory, a disaffected timber merchant in his mid-30s who has worked in British colonial Burma since about age 20. During his time in Burma, Flory has come to realize that the British colonial presence in Burma is fundamentally racist, exploitative, and hypocritical. Yet for the most part, Flory’s social situation prevents him from speaking freely about this realization. The other British people in Kyauktada, the colonial outpost where Flory works, are totally unsympathetic to Flory’s opinions, and several of them—especially a cruel, backbiting man named Ellis—heap racist abuse on Flory when he tries to express his opinions. Meanwhile, Flory’s closest friend Dr. Veraswami, despite being a colonized subject himself, is ironically a proponent of the British Empire and fails to understand Flory’s moral crisis. This situation leaves Flory so lonely that when a pretty young woman named Elizabeth Lackersteen arrives in Kyauktada, he hastily falls in love with her, projecting onto her all the qualities that he wants in a conversational partner—open-mindedness, sophistication, interest in Burmese culture—and for a long time failing to see that she is as conventional, anti-intellectual, and racist as the other British people he knows in Burma. After Flory’s romantic relationship with Elizabeth fails, he feels so lonely, alienated, and depressed that he dies by suicide. Thus, the novel suggests that loneliness deriving from a lack of opportunity for honest communication led to Flory’s early death. In so doing, the novel implicitly argues for the importance of free speech to individual human flourishing.
Freedom of Speech, Self-Expression, and Loneliness ThemeTracker
Freedom of Speech, Self-Expression, and Loneliness Quotes in Burmese Days
The first thing one noticed in Flory was a hideous birthmark stretching in a ragged crescent down his left cheek, from the eye to the corner of the mouth. Seen from the left side his face had a battered, woebegone look, as though the birthmark had been a bruise—for it was a dark blue in color. He was quite aware of its hideousness. At all times, when he was not alone, there was a sidelongness about his movements, as he manoeuvred constantly to keep the birthmark out of sight.
“Why, of course, the lie that we’re here to uplift our poor black brothers instead of to rob them. I suppose it’s a natural lie enough. But it corrupts us, it corrupts us in ways you can’t imagine. There’s an everlasting sense of being a sneak and a liar that torments us and drives us to justify ourselves night and day. It’s at the bottom of half our beastliness to the natives.”
“You’ve got to be a pukka sahib or die, in this country. In fifteen years I’ve never talked honestly to anyone except you.”
There was, he saw clearly, only one way out. To find someone who would share his life in Burma—but really share it, share his inner, secret life, carry away from Burma the same memories as he carried. Someone who would love Burma as he loved it and hate it as he hated it. Who would help him live with nothing hidden, nothing unexpressed. Someone who understood him: a friend, that was what it came down to.
A friend. Or a wife?
There is a short period in everyone’s life when his character is fixed forever; with Elizabeth, it was those two terms during which she rubbed shoulders with the rich. Thereafter her whole code of living was summed up in one belief, and that a simple one. It was that the Good (‘lovely’ was her name for it) is synonymous with the expensive, the elegant, the aristocratic; and the Bad (‘beastly’) is the cheap, the low, the shabby, the laborious. Perhaps it is in order to teach this creed that expensive girls’ schools exist.
It was not the pwe girl’s behaviour, in itself, that had offended her; it had only brought things to a head. But the whole expedition—the very notion of wanting to rub shoulders with all those smelly natives—had impressed her badly. She was perfectly certain that that was not how white men ought to behave.
He so wanted her to love Burma as he loved it, not to look at it with the dull, incurious eyes of a memsahib!
She had brought back to him the air of England—dear England, where thought is free and one is not condemned forever to dance the danse du pukka sahib for the edification of the lower races.
If only he would always talk about shooting, instead of about books and Art and that mucky poetry! In a sudden burst of admiration she decided that Flory was really quite a handsome man, in his way. He looked so splendidly manly, with his pagri-cloth shirt open at the throat, and his shorts and puttees and shooting boots! And his face, lined, sunburned, like a soldier’s face. He was standing with his birth-marked cheek away from her.
He unrolled it on the table they had just picked up. It looked so shabby and miserable that he wished he had never brought it. She came close to him to examine the skin, so close that her flower-like cheek was not a foot from his own, and he could feel the warmth of her body. So great was his fear of her that he stepped hurriedly away. And in the same moment she too stepped back with a wince of disgust, having caught the foul odour of the skin. It shamed him terribly. It was almost as though it had been himself and not the skin that stank.
With death, the birthmark had faded immediately, so that it was no more than a faint grey stain.
Her servants live in terror of her, though she speaks no Burmese. She has an exhaustive knowledge of the Civil List, gives charming little dinner-parties and knows how to put the wives of subordinate officials in their places—in short, she fulfills with complete success the position for which Nature had designed her from the first, that of a burra memsahib.