Again, Shamsie emphasizes Parvaiz’s need to view his father as a role model and someone he can look up to, rather than the way that he has been characterized by Isma. Additionally, the history lessons that he receives from Farooq provide some background context of the long struggle between Christianity and Islam, and why it is so difficult for Parvaiz and other Muslims to find a sense of belonging in Britain, which has always been a majority Christian country.