Gruadh felt it was her responsibility as Macbeth’s wife to give him children and is upset that they cannot have healthy babies. Although she has one living child, Lulach, she is aware of how the history books will remember her, as she had no children with her second husband. This reflects the novel’s preoccupation with the subjectivity of history. Still, her marriage to Macbeth is loving and respectful, and he will not cast her aside for another woman.